行政国家的宪法和法律挑战

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1017/S0265052521000200
Ronald J. Pestritto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着罗斯福政府在20世纪30年代实施新政计划,联邦法院开始以适应“行政国家”兴起的方式解释宪法,官僚决策继续作为当今美国政府的核心特征而存在。然而,本文提出,在不久的将来,法院可能会重新考虑支持行政国家的三大支柱——国会将第一条权力授权给行政部门,个别行政实体内部的权力组合,以及行政人员免受政治控制的隔离。在表明行政国家的合宪性受到最近的司法审查之后,本文转向行政法的尊重原则,并认为对雪佛龙原则的重新评估似乎迫在眉睫。最后,本文考察了联邦法院在最近几届政府中大量使用“严格审查”作为限制机构自由裁量权的手段,并得出结论认为,这种司法实践与共和原则存在令人不安的紧张关系。
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CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE
Abstract Following the Roosevelt administration’s implementation of New Deal programs in the 1930s, the federal courts began to interpret the Constitution in a way that accommodated the rise of the “administrative state,” and bureaucratic policymaking continues to persist as a central feature of American government today. This essay submits, however, that the three pillars supporting the administrative state—the congressional delegation of Article I powers to the executive branch, the combination of powers within individual administrative entities, and the insulation of administrators from political control—might be reconsidered by the courts in the near future. After showing that the constitutionality of the administrative state has come under recent judicial scrutiny, the essay turns to the administrative law principle of deference, and argues that a reassessment of the Chevron doctrine seems imminent. Finally, the essay examines federal courts’ heavy use of “hard look” review as a means of curtailing agency discretion during recent administrations, and concludes that this judicial practice stands in uneasy tension with republican principles.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
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期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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