针对不连贯和偏见的指控,对效率的有限辩护

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1017/S0265052523000031
Jonathan H. Choi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

长期以来,学者们一直在争论效率与再分配之间的适当平衡。但最近,一波批评人士认为,不仅效率不那么重要,而且效率分析本身也存在根本性缺陷。有些人说效率是不连贯的,因为没有一个中立的基准来判断效率低下。还有人说,效率倾向于那些最有能力支付的人(通常是富人)。本文认为,效率并不是无意义的不连贯或有偏见。最广泛讨论的效率形式不需要任何特定的基线,即使那些需要基线的形式仍然可以作为理论上更合理但计算要求更高的度量的有用近似值。此外,偏倚的论点没有考虑到公共项目的资金来源,产生了不直观的结果,并在偏倚和非偏倚之间划出了一个武断的界限,忽略了重要的分配细节。最终,效率和再分配之间的权衡仍然是政策辩论中最有用的框架。
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A LIMITED DEFENSE OF EFFICIENCY AGAINST CHARGES OF INCOHERENCY AND BIAS
Abstract Scholars have long debated the appropriate balance between efficiency and redistribution. But recently, a wave of critics has argued not only that efficiency is less important, but that efficiency analysis itself is fundamentally flawed. Some say that efficiency is incoherent because there is no neutral baseline from which to judge inefficiency. Others say that efficiency is biased toward those best able to pay (generally, the rich). This essay contends that efficiency is not meaningfully incoherent or biased. The most widely discussed forms of efficiency do not require any particular baseline, and even those that do require a baseline can still serve as useful approximations of more theoretically sound but computationally demanding measures. Moreover, arguments of bias do not account for the source of funds in public projects, produce unintuitive results, and draw an arbitrary cutoff between bias and non-bias that elides important distributional details. Ultimately, the tradeoff between efficiency and redistribution remains the most useful frame for policy debate.
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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A LIMITED DEFENSE OF EFFICIENCY AGAINST CHARGES OF INCOHERENCY AND BIAS WHO SHOULD TAX MULTINATIONALS? PREDISTRIBUTION AGAINST RENT-SEEKING: THE BENEFIT PRINCIPLE’S ALTERNATIVE TO REDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION REALIZATION AND RECOGNITION UNDER THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE JUSTIFYING TAXATION
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