反现代主义与正统犹太教的异端命令:美国宗教的对位

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY RELIGION AND AMERICAN CULTURE-A JOURNAL OF INTERPRETATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.1017/rac.2020.8
Zev Eleff, Seth Farber
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要本文认为,正统犹太教内部的宗教权威是20世纪最后几十年美国宗教更广泛和未被充分研究的发展的一个重要反例。本文利用大量未开发的原始资料,并借鉴了美国宗教史和现代犹太历史学者所讨论的主题,展示了正统犹太精英如何使用“近似异端”来管理他们的信仰社区。在这样做的过程中,东正教领袖提供了以前时代未知的叛教“指标”,并充当了传统类型的代表,这些类型被证明不足以对抗现代生活和文化的新趋势。正统犹太人的“反现代主义”之所以活跃,是因为他们需要证明什么是“进”的,什么是“出”的,同时也因为一种必胜信念的出现,这种信念在美国信仰中是独一无二的。同样,普通员工也遵守了这些措施,因为他们要么同意这些措施,要么害怕成为“局外人”。这种观点与其他宗教团体的态度形成鲜明对比——无论是“左”还是“右”——后者吸收了一种“包容”的精神,因此,避开了对异端的追捕和这一时期东正教精英所表现出的大胆。这篇文章的结论是,这种反主流文化在正统派犹太社区中无处不在,它是如此强大,以至于与直觉相反,它把反现代主义者的策略引入了被美国文化同化的所谓现代正统派社区。
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Antimodernism and Orthodox Judaism's Heretical Imperative: An American Religious Counterpoint
Abstract This article argues that the case of religious authority within Orthodox Judaism is an important counterexample to the broader and understudied developments in American religion during the final decades of the twentieth century. Using an array of untapped primary sources and drawing on themes addressed by scholars of American religious history and modern Jewish history, this article demonstrates how Orthodox Jewish elites used “approximational heresies” to police their faith community. In so doing, Orthodox leaders furnished “indicators” of apostasy that were unknown in previous epochs and served to stand in for traditional types that proved otherwise insufficient to counteract new trends in modern life and culture. Orthodox Jewish “antimodernism” was animated by a need to demonstrate what was “in” and what was “out” of bounds as well as by the emergence of a triumphalism that was unique among American faiths. Likewise, the rank-and-file abided because they either agreed with these measures or feared becoming “outsiders.” This outlook contrasts with the attitudes of other religious groups—on the “left” and the “right”—that absorbed a spirit of “inclusiveness” and, therefore, eschewed heresy hunting and the boldness evinced by Orthodox elites during this period. The article concludes that the pervasiveness of this counterculture among the Orthodox Jewish community was so powerful that it, counterintuitively, introduced the strategies of the antimodernists to the American-acculturated, so-called Modern Orthodox community.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
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