Can parenting foster resiliency to mental health problems in at-risk infants?

Knowledge is scarce about how to promote mental health in children when they have started life facing various risks. This study investigated whether parents' interactions with their young children can facilitate mental health resiliency after starting life ‘at risk’ in infancy. Data were sourced from a longitudinal population-based study in Victoria, Australia. An ‘at-risk’ infant sample (N = 283) was identified, with difficult temperament, maternal mental health problems, substance misuse, home violence and social isolation (one or more risks). Parenting practices were measured throughout early childhood. The Child Behaviour Checklist assessed resilience at school-entry. Discriminant function analysis differentiated at-risk infants who became resilient versus non-resilient. Findings highlighted parenting interactions with young children characterised by low levels of harsh discipline promoting resiliency over time. A third of babies in the population may face significant stressors. Parents facing early risks could be supported to access evidence-based programs to facilitate young children's mental health.