为什么护理伦理成为全球关注的问题?

IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Japanese Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI:10.1111/ijjs.12048
Yayo Okano
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引用次数: 30

摘要

自从Carol Gilligan发表了她的杰作《In a Different Voice》以来,许多学者,特别是各个领域的女权主义学者,包括道德理论、哲学、政治和法律理论,都受到启发,建立了一种更包容的方法来研究社会不公正和性别不平等。本文的目的是探讨关怀伦理作为一种政治哲学的潜力的深度和广度。为了实现这一目标,本文首先分析了护理伦理学的主要主张,并对其典型的反驳意见做出了回应,这些反驳意见批评护理伦理学过于依赖性别差异、特殊主义和本质主义。第二部分考察了关怀伦理对以男性为导向的主流政治哲学,特别是正义理论提出的三个挑战。关怀伦理学为我们提供了一种处理道德和政治问题的新方法,因为它对社会不公正作出了反应性的关注,提出了一种新的关系自我观念,并将社会联系模型用于正义。在关怀伦理提出的这三个视角下,本文以二战期间日军“慰安妇”问题为切入点,将目光转向关怀伦理的全球意义。
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Why Has the Ethics of Care Become an Issue of Global Concern?

Since Carol Gilligan published her masterpiece, In a Different Voice, many scholars, especially feminist scholars in various fields, including moral theory, philosophy, and political and legal theory, have been inspired to establish a more inclusive approach to social injustice as well as sexual inequality. The purpose of this article is to explore the depth and expanse of the ethics of care for its potential as a political philosophy. To pursue this end, the article analyzes first the main claims of care ethics by responding to its typical counterarguments, which criticize the ethics of care as being too dependent on gender differences, particularism, and essentialism. The second section examines three challenges that care ethics poses to the male-oriented mainstream of political philosophy, especially the theory of justice. The ethics of care provides us with a new approach to moral and political issues because it focuses responsively on social injustice, proposes a new idea of relational self and takes the social connection model to justice. With these three perspectives proposed by the ethics of care in mind, the article turns its eyes to global implications of care ethics by referring to the issue of the “comfort women” of Japanese troops during the Second World War.

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