Sumeet Gupta, M. Kripalani, U. Khastgir, J. Reilly
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Management of the renal adverse effects of lithium
Lithium is one of the most effective psychotropic drugs we have, but it is underused because of its low therapeutic index, the need for regular blood tests and perceptions about its adverse effects, including renal problems. The last include urinary concentration deficits and diabetes insipidus, chronic kidney disease (including renal failure), nephrotic syndrome, hyper calcaemia, hyper parathyroidism and distal tubular acidosis. This article reviews these adverse effects with special emphasis on their management.