瑞士中部和南部阿尔卑斯山脉(格里松和提契诺州)的山灰林(Sorbus aucuparia)。Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, N-Italy):植物生态学和植物社会学方面

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Tuexenia Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.14471/2019.39.016
C. Burga, S. Bührer, F. Klötzli
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引用次数: 2

摘要

山灰(Sorbus aucuparia)广泛分布于欧洲,从海平面到树带线,在北纬71°的挪威北部到达其最北的范围。花楸属植物生长在酸性、干到湿、中营养到少营养土壤上。该树种常与绿桤木、总状桑、白桦、白桦及部分柳属植物一起生长在次生林中。在顶极林中,山灰树仅生长在灌木层。在亚高山带,这种树存在于绿色桤木灌丛和欧洲落叶松-瑞士石松林中。在南阿尔卑斯山脉一些暴露氮的山坡上,小的山灰林和绿桤木构成了1500米以上的森林上限。在这项研究中,研究了从瑞士中阿尔卑斯(Grisons)到南阿尔卑斯(Ticino/ N-Italy)的n - s样带这一特殊森林群落的生态学和植物社会学方面。我们考虑了地点条件、局部传播、再生、树龄结构、侵染和植物社会学方面的问题。本文研究了绿桫椤在n - s样带的分布及其在次生林和顶极林中的作用。在北部单一山白蜡树的绿桤木灌丛(Alnetum viridis)中存在,而在S-Alpine遗址发现了桤木山白蜡林,其中南高山白蜡树覆盖了25-80%。在这里,没有绿木桐,而绿木桐是山灰林的元素。在山地和低亚高山地带,山毛榉后来经常被山毛榉或其他顶极乔木所取代。在山毛榉上限以上,我们认为绿桤木灰林为顶极林。在最干燥的林点,禾本科物种占优势,主要是菖蒲和弯纹草。根据先前S-Alpine绿桤木山灰林的植物社会学临时名称,我们建议将其命名为Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae Hari, Leisinger et Zysset 1993 -根据Hari等人(1993)的第一次描述。根据绿桤木山灰林的植被记录,提出了一个新的亚群Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae calamagrostietosum亚群。11月。
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Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) forests of the Central and Southern Alps (Grisons and Ticino, Switzerland – Prov. Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, N-Italy): Plant ecological and phytosociological aspects
Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) is widespread in Europe from sea level to the timberline and reaches its most northern range in N-Norway at 71 °N. Sorbus aucupariaoccurs on acid, dry to moist and mesotrophic to oligotrophic soils. The species often grows in secondary forests together with Alnus viridis, Sambucus racemosa, Betula pendula, Frangula alnus and some Salix spp. In most climax forests mountain ash grows only in the shrub layer. In the subalpine belt, the tree is present in green alder scrub and European larch-Swiss stone pine forests. On some N-exposed mountain slopes of the S-Alps, small mountain ash forests with green alder build the upper forest limit above 1500 m. In this study, ecological and phytosociological aspects of this particular forest community along a N-S-transect from the Swiss Central Alps (Grisons) to the South Alps (Ticino/ N-Italy) were investigated. We consider site conditions, local spread, rejuvenation, tree age structure, infestation and phytosociological aspects of S. aucuparia. The occurrence of A. viridis in the N-S-transect and the role of S. aucupariain the secondary and climax forests have been investigated. While in the green alder scrub (Alnetum viridis) of the North single mountain ash trees are present, alder-mountain ash forests have been found at the S-Alpine sites with S. aucupariacovers 25–80%. Here, the Alnetum viridis is absent, and A.viridis is element of the mountain ash forests. In the montane and lower subalpine zone, S. aucupariawill often be replaced later by beech or other climax trees. Above the upper beech limit, we consider the green alder-mountain ash forests as climax forests. At the driest forest sites, grass species are pre-dominant – mainly Calamagrostis spp. and Avenella flexuosa. Based on the earlier provisional phytosociological name of S-Alpine green alder-mountain ash forests, we suggest the name Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae Hari, Leisinger et Zysset 1993 – according to the first description by HARI et al. (1993). Based on our vegetation records of green alder-mountain ash forests, we propose a new sub-association Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae calamagrostietosum subass. nov.
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Tuexenia
Tuexenia PLANT SCIENCES-
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期刊介绍: Tuexenia publiziert Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten sowie Berichte zu Themen der Geobotanik / Vegetationsökologie und zu Nachbarwissenschaften wie Populationsökologie, Biodiversitätsforschung, Biozönologie, Renaturierungsökologie und ihren Anwendungen, vor allem im Naturschutz. Der geografische Schwerpunkt liegt in Zentraleuropa und angrenzenden Regionen.Tuexenia erscheint jährlich in einem Band, der etwa zur Jahresmitte fertig gestellt wird. Autoren erhalten von jeder Arbeit eine PDF-Datei und gemeinsam 20 Sonderdrucke kostenlos. Die Qualität der wissenschaftlichen Manuskripte wird durch die Redaktion und einen Wissenschaftlichen Beirat (Peer Review) gesichert (s. auch die Manuskript-Richtlinien vor dieser Seite). Es werden keine Druckkosten erhoben. Tuexenia legt Wert auf allgemeine Online-Verfügbarkeit der Beiträge.
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