Performance evaluation of single and double-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers in static relative mode

The advancement of low-cost GNSS receivers with modern built-up characteristics has opened a new window to investigate the performance of various low-cost receivers with an outlook on their performance and suitability for varied geodetic purposes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the positioning performance of single and double-frequency GNSS receivers in combination with geodetic antennas in static relative mode regarding Mexican regulations. The recorded observations were processed by a static relative method including the CORS station from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico (INEGI). The results of the survey conducted at a distance of 4 and 33 km from CORS station show similar accuracy for all low-cost receivers. For low-cost GNSS receivers NEO-M8T, NEO-6T, and ZED-F9P the solutions that were obtained reached mm in horizontal precision using a geodetic grade antenna. Similarly, the ZED-F9P model was proved at a long distance from the CORS station and presents high precision. Regarding the vertical component, in all cases where the GGM10 model was included, the vertical component is not allowed to use for topography or geodetic works, however, the horizontal component where mm precision was achieved is allowed for different highly precision survey works.