Differential diagnosis of bees nosemosis - procedure and significance

For the living world, in the existing ecosystem, for the reproduction, production and spread of plant species, bees are one of the most important parts of nature. In the pollination of certain field and fruit-vegetable plant species, bees participate with almost 100%. Any factor that contributes to reducing the presence of bees in nature, directly affects the fertility of the plant world, and indirectly affects the rest of the entire living population. Nosemosis is a microorganism that has a great impact on the health of bees. In the previous period, Nosema sp. is classified as a single-celled parasite, a protozoan, but today it is classified as a fungus (Microsporidia). There are about 30 different species of Nosema in nature. For the bee population, especially with regard to the European honey bee (Apis millifera), two species of Nosema are very important, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. The correct confirmation of the type Nosema provides a better understanding of the outcomes and consequences for the apiary in which the clinical picture of nosemosis has occurred. The phenotypic diagnostic method, despite the present morphological differences, does not provide the possibility of reliable confirmation of the Nosema species. For these reasons, in order to make a differential diagnosis, it is necessary to determine which type of Nosema is present by molecular methods. In our work, by molecular method (PCR), we analyzed bees sampled from two administrative areas. The examination showed that Nosema ceranae was found in the two examined areas, while the presence of Nosema apis was not confirmed. These results may indicate that Nosema ceranae is predominant in the study area and has completely replaced Nosema apis.