V. Ćupić, Sasa Ivanovic, S. Borozan, I. Mujezinović, Dejana Cupic-Miladinovic, J. Aleksić
The European Union permitted 6 antimicrobial agents that can be used in laying hens. These are colistin, tyrosine, neomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and erythromycin. Antimicrobial drugs are used today primarily for the prevention and treatment of diseases in poultry and often (not in the EU) to stimulate growth. Because these drugs are often used irrationally, there are good chances that their residues will be found not only in poultry meat but also in the eggs within a certain period after the termination of treatment. In addition to the administration of authorised VMPs, the residues in eggs can be the result of erroneously applied medicated food, the contamination of the food with some antimicrobial drug in the mixing unit, as well as ?extra-label? use of drugs in poultry. The antimicrobial agents are distributed in the body and deposited in the eggs, mainly in the yolk where they persist longer than in the albumen. Drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, polymyxins) cannot be detected in the eggs, while the residues of some antimicrobial drugs can be detected for up to two months (chloramphenicol) after the last treatment. The rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance. When using drugs only when they are really necessary (indicated), in the right dose and route of administration, the potential damage can be reduced and efficiency increased, while the risk of microorganism resistance development would be significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs are used in food animals.
{"title":"Antimicrobial agents in laying hens","authors":"V. Ćupić, Sasa Ivanovic, S. Borozan, I. Mujezinović, Dejana Cupic-Miladinovic, J. Aleksić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242061c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242061c","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union permitted 6 antimicrobial agents that can be used in laying hens. These are colistin, tyrosine, neomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and erythromycin. Antimicrobial drugs are used today primarily for the prevention and treatment of diseases in poultry and often (not in the EU) to stimulate growth. Because these drugs are often used irrationally, there are good chances that their residues will be found not only in poultry meat but also in the eggs within a certain period after the termination of treatment. In addition to the administration of authorised VMPs, the residues in eggs can be the result of erroneously applied medicated food, the contamination of the food with some antimicrobial drug in the mixing unit, as well as ?extra-label? use of drugs in poultry. The antimicrobial agents are distributed in the body and deposited in the eggs, mainly in the yolk where they persist longer than in the albumen. Drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, polymyxins) cannot be detected in the eggs, while the residues of some antimicrobial drugs can be detected for up to two months (chloramphenicol) after the last treatment. The rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance. When using drugs only when they are really necessary (indicated), in the right dose and route of administration, the potential damage can be reduced and efficiency increased, while the risk of microorganism resistance development would be significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs are used in food animals.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the connection between citizen science, science and industry in the field of STEM technologies. A methodology is established for connect?ing non-expert and expert groups on certain research topics in STEM with the aim to achieve better dissemination of knowledge from universities and research laboratories and industry. On the other hand, the CS projects give the response, recommendations, opinions, etc. to new technological achievements, which should correct and direct the further scientific re?search and innovation activities. The paper gives a case study of the CS-science-industry project realized among students of Faculty of Technical Sciences of Novi Sad and experts, about self - driving car. The aim of the project was to assess the degree of acceptability of this technical solution and, in correlation with experts, to make a recommendation for finish?ing or improving this vehicle according to the requirements of future users. CS actors were informed by experts about the importance and characteristics of these vehicles, as their introduction into public transport is expected in the near future. In coordination with the experts, the CS actors formed a questionnaire in which they asked questions that should indicate the degree of acceptability of the vehicle, but also gave the opportunity to express opinions and views on the vehicle. The answers on the questionnaire were put on a MS Teams platform. The analysis of the results of the CS project pointed to the low readiness of young people to drive a self-driving car of the 5th level (without human-driver), and gave recom?mendations and ideas to experts on finishing and modifying the vehicle. The work of CS and experts enabled CS actors, as future engineers and bearers of technical progress, to realize the importance of innovation and STEM technologies, and experts to gain better insight into the reaction and opinion of non-experts about their product.
{"title":"Citizen science - science - industry: A case study in self-driving car","authors":"L. Cvetićanin","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242073c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242073c","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the connection between citizen science, science and industry in the field of STEM technologies. A methodology is established for connect?ing non-expert and expert groups on certain research topics in STEM with the aim to achieve better dissemination of knowledge from universities and research laboratories and industry. On the other hand, the CS projects give the response, recommendations, opinions, etc. to new technological achievements, which should correct and direct the further scientific re?search and innovation activities. The paper gives a case study of the CS-science-industry project realized among students of Faculty of Technical Sciences of Novi Sad and experts, about self - driving car. The aim of the project was to assess the degree of acceptability of this technical solution and, in correlation with experts, to make a recommendation for finish?ing or improving this vehicle according to the requirements of future users. CS actors were informed by experts about the importance and characteristics of these vehicles, as their introduction into public transport is expected in the near future. In coordination with the experts, the CS actors formed a questionnaire in which they asked questions that should indicate the degree of acceptability of the vehicle, but also gave the opportunity to express opinions and views on the vehicle. The answers on the questionnaire were put on a MS Teams platform. The analysis of the results of the CS project pointed to the low readiness of young people to drive a self-driving car of the 5th level (without human-driver), and gave recom?mendations and ideas to experts on finishing and modifying the vehicle. The work of CS and experts enabled CS actors, as future engineers and bearers of technical progress, to realize the importance of innovation and STEM technologies, and experts to gain better insight into the reaction and opinion of non-experts about their product.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ljaljevic-Grbic, M. Stupar, Željko Savković, A. Knezevic, I. Dimkić, J. Kosel, Č. Tavzes, N. Unković
The fungal community of biodeteriorated 17th century mural paintings within the nave and altar portion of the old Church of the Holy Ascension (Veliki Krcimir, Nisava District, Serbia) has been studied via an array of microscopic analyses in order to detect actively growing fungi and assess their potential damage to the painted layer and mortar. In situ microscopy, performed with portable microscopes, together with optical and scanning electron microscopy, has revealed impairments of the painted layer in the form of cracks and biopitting, along with surface salt deposits and hidden, symptomless fungal growth. Various structures, such as fully developed fruiting bodies and melanized mycelia, clusters of microcolonial fungi and lichen soredia, as well as a conidial apparatus and numerous conidia in mass have been observed, all attesting to the presence of actively growing fungal community on the surface of the painted layer and in the interspaces between the painted layer and mortar. Based on the observed reproductive structures, the main agents of biodeterioration have been identified as fungi of Chaetomium and Cladosporium genera. The documented deterioration symptoms are most likely due to hyphal penetration and formation of fruiting bodies and other fungal structures.
{"title":"From on-site to in-lab: Microscopic observation of fungal proliferation on 17th century mural paintings","authors":"M. Ljaljevic-Grbic, M. Stupar, Željko Savković, A. Knezevic, I. Dimkić, J. Kosel, Č. Tavzes, N. Unković","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243007l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243007l","url":null,"abstract":"The fungal community of biodeteriorated 17th century mural paintings within the nave and altar portion of the old Church of the Holy Ascension (Veliki Krcimir, Nisava District, Serbia) has been studied via an array of microscopic analyses in order to detect actively growing fungi and assess their potential damage to the painted layer and mortar. In situ microscopy, performed with portable microscopes, together with optical and scanning electron microscopy, has revealed impairments of the painted layer in the form of cracks and biopitting, along with surface salt deposits and hidden, symptomless fungal growth. Various structures, such as fully developed fruiting bodies and melanized mycelia, clusters of microcolonial fungi and lichen soredia, as well as a conidial apparatus and numerous conidia in mass have been observed, all attesting to the presence of actively growing fungal community on the surface of the painted layer and in the interspaces between the painted layer and mortar. Based on the observed reproductive structures, the main agents of biodeterioration have been identified as fungi of Chaetomium and Cladosporium genera. The documented deterioration symptoms are most likely due to hyphal penetration and formation of fruiting bodies and other fungal structures.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Tomanić, J. Stanojević́, I. Galić, Z. Ružić, Tijana Kukurić, N. Tešin, Blagoje Prpa, Z. Kovačević
Bovine mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry responsi?ble for the welfare and significant economic losses in dairy cows. The treatment of choice for mastitis is the administration of antibiotics. However, this therapeutic choice has some disadvantages including presence of antibiotics residues in the milk, low cure rate as well as rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Therefore, new alternative approaches to antibiotics were investigated by different groups of researchers in order to find an effective approach for bovine mastitis therapy. This review was conducted in order to analyze different publications on usage of essential oils in relation to bovine mastitis. There are many in vitro studies for evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils against many mastitis associated pathogens. In addition, numerous of tested essential oils have shown good efficacy with a wide range of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). On the other hand, only several in vivo studies have focused on therapeutic effects of essential oils. Moreover, recent studies indicate the possibility of using essential oils in the fight against biofilm which could be promising fight against bovine mastitis since unsuccessful antibiotic treatment can be associated with the presence of biofilms.
{"title":"Review of trends in essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in bovine mastitis treatment","authors":"D. Tomanić, J. Stanojević́, I. Galić, Z. Ružić, Tijana Kukurić, N. Tešin, Blagoje Prpa, Z. Kovačević","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242047t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242047t","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry responsi?ble for the welfare and significant economic losses in dairy cows. The treatment of choice for mastitis is the administration of antibiotics. However, this therapeutic choice has some disadvantages including presence of antibiotics residues in the milk, low cure rate as well as rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Therefore, new alternative approaches to antibiotics were investigated by different groups of researchers in order to find an effective approach for bovine mastitis therapy. This review was conducted in order to analyze different publications on usage of essential oils in relation to bovine mastitis. There are many in vitro studies for evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils against many mastitis associated pathogens. In addition, numerous of tested essential oils have shown good efficacy with a wide range of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). On the other hand, only several in vivo studies have focused on therapeutic effects of essential oils. Moreover, recent studies indicate the possibility of using essential oils in the fight against biofilm which could be promising fight against bovine mastitis since unsuccessful antibiotic treatment can be associated with the presence of biofilms.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Medic-Pap, Sonja Tančić-Živanov, D. Danojević, M. Ignjatov, A. Ilić, S. Glogovac, J. Gvozdanović-Varga
Seed as a highly-valuable resource is preserved in collections for many years. Although the seed is kept under optimal conditions, monitoring of germination and the presence of fungi during seed preservation is of great importance. Therefore the aim of this paper is to examine the seed health status and germination of 43 onion accessions kept in the timespan for 15 years in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops collection. Germi?nation of seed samples varied from 7-93%. The presence of fungi in the collection was determined on 33 tested samples. Fungi from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium and Penicillium were developed. The following Fusarium species identified on the seeds were F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. pseudograminearum and F. equiseti. Based on factor analysis, Fusarium and Penicillium affected germination, while the occurrence of Alternaria species on onion seed is connected to the year of harvest.
{"title":"Seedborne fungi on stored onion seeds","authors":"S. Medic-Pap, Sonja Tančić-Živanov, D. Danojević, M. Ignjatov, A. Ilić, S. Glogovac, J. Gvozdanović-Varga","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243039m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243039m","url":null,"abstract":"Seed as a highly-valuable resource is preserved in collections for many years. Although the seed is kept under optimal conditions, monitoring of germination and the presence of fungi during seed preservation is of great importance. Therefore the aim of this paper is to examine the seed health status and germination of 43 onion accessions kept in the timespan for 15 years in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops collection. Germi?nation of seed samples varied from 7-93%. The presence of fungi in the collection was determined on 33 tested samples. Fungi from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium and Penicillium were developed. The following Fusarium species identified on the seeds were F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. pseudograminearum and F. equiseti. Based on factor analysis, Fusarium and Penicillium affected germination, while the occurrence of Alternaria species on onion seed is connected to the year of harvest.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, which can be transformed into useful products. Biomass exploitation could be aiming not only at replacing conventional energy sources but also at preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Five micromycetes were studied with goal to determine their potential to produce active cellulases as well as the ability to decompose pretreated wheat straw and oak sawdust after seven days of solid-state fermentation. Wheat straw was better lignocellulosic substrate than oak sawdust for the production of cellulases in all five micromycetes. Thus, Penicillium solitum BEOFB 1190m has shown to be the best producer of highly active forms of xylanases (7532.36 ? 89.37 U/L). The most active endo- and exocellulases (2299.70 ? 72.17 U/L and 195.66 ? 4.64 U/L, respectively) were produced by Trichoderma harzianum BEOFB 1230m, while the maximal value of ?-glucosidase activity (215.69 ? 3.13 U/L) was detected after Fusarium graminearum BEOFB 820m cultivation. T. harzianum also showed high efficiency in wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose depolymerization (23.90% and 33.00%, respectively), which resulted in the highest dry matter loss (36.25%). The results of the study showed great potential of tested micromycetes to synthesize cellulolytic enzymes and consequently transform abundant, low-cost plant residues such as wheat straw into useful products including biofuel.
{"title":"Degradation of pretreated agroforestry residues by selected micromycetes","authors":"Milica Galić, Jasmina Ćilerdžić, M. Stajić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243089g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243089g","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there are huge amounts of lignocellulosic materials left in agroforestry practice, which can be transformed into useful products. Biomass exploitation could be aiming not only at replacing conventional energy sources but also at preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Five micromycetes were studied with goal to determine their potential to produce active cellulases as well as the ability to decompose pretreated wheat straw and oak sawdust after seven days of solid-state fermentation. Wheat straw was better lignocellulosic substrate than oak sawdust for the production of cellulases in all five micromycetes. Thus, Penicillium solitum BEOFB 1190m has shown to be the best producer of highly active forms of xylanases (7532.36 ? 89.37 U/L). The most active endo- and exocellulases (2299.70 ? 72.17 U/L and 195.66 ? 4.64 U/L, respectively) were produced by Trichoderma harzianum BEOFB 1230m, while the maximal value of ?-glucosidase activity (215.69 ? 3.13 U/L) was detected after Fusarium graminearum BEOFB 820m cultivation. T. harzianum also showed high efficiency in wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose depolymerization (23.90% and 33.00%, respectively), which resulted in the highest dry matter loss (36.25%). The results of the study showed great potential of tested micromycetes to synthesize cellulolytic enzymes and consequently transform abundant, low-cost plant residues such as wheat straw into useful products including biofuel.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Miljaković, D. Milošević, M. Ignjatov, J. Marinković, G. Tamindžić, B. Tintor, Z. Nikolić
Bacillus spp. are well known to protect plants from seed or soil-borne pathogens by the synthesis of various metabolites with antimicrobial activity, such as hy?drolytic enzymes and antibiotics. This study aimed to select the most effective Bacillus spp. from a group of ten antagonistic strains by antifungal activity assay. Bacillus strains were primarily isolated from the soil and identified as B. safensis, B. pumilus and B. subtilis by 16S rDNA sequencing. The four analyzed fungi: Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were obtained from sunflower seeds and identified using PCR analysis and primers specific for ITS region. The antifungal activity of bacterial strains was examined in a dual plate assay. Bacillus spp. demonstrated the highest antagonism against S. sclerotiorum, followed by C. cladosporoides, M. phaseolina, and A. alternata, with an average percentage of growth inhibition (PGI) of 77%, 70%, 64% and 59%, respectively. Overall, Bacillus spp. included in this study demonstrated a rather strong biocontrol potential, although the effect of particular strain varied depending on the tested fungi. The highest antagonistic effect toward M. phaseolina and A. alternata was exhibited by B. safensis B2 and B. pumilus B3. B. pumilus B11 and B. subtilis B32 were the most efficient against C. cladosporoides, whereas B. pumilus B3 and B. subtilis B7 had the highest antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. Findings point to the fact that the most effective Bacillus spp. could be used as potential biocontrol agents for improving plant health and productivity.
{"title":"Screening of Bacillus spp. as potential biocontrol agents against sunflower pathogens","authors":"D. Miljaković, D. Milošević, M. Ignjatov, J. Marinković, G. Tamindžić, B. Tintor, Z. Nikolić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243065m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243065m","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus spp. are well known to protect plants from seed or soil-borne pathogens by the synthesis of various metabolites with antimicrobial activity, such as hy?drolytic enzymes and antibiotics. This study aimed to select the most effective Bacillus spp. from a group of ten antagonistic strains by antifungal activity assay. Bacillus strains were primarily isolated from the soil and identified as B. safensis, B. pumilus and B. subtilis by 16S rDNA sequencing. The four analyzed fungi: Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were obtained from sunflower seeds and identified using PCR analysis and primers specific for ITS region. The antifungal activity of bacterial strains was examined in a dual plate assay. Bacillus spp. demonstrated the highest antagonism against S. sclerotiorum, followed by C. cladosporoides, M. phaseolina, and A. alternata, with an average percentage of growth inhibition (PGI) of 77%, 70%, 64% and 59%, respectively. Overall, Bacillus spp. included in this study demonstrated a rather strong biocontrol potential, although the effect of particular strain varied depending on the tested fungi. The highest antagonistic effect toward M. phaseolina and A. alternata was exhibited by B. safensis B2 and B. pumilus B3. B. pumilus B11 and B. subtilis B32 were the most efficient against C. cladosporoides, whereas B. pumilus B3 and B. subtilis B7 had the highest antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. Findings point to the fact that the most effective Bacillus spp. could be used as potential biocontrol agents for improving plant health and productivity.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lemon fruits are an important source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, carotenoids, polyphenols, coumarins and terpenes. These lemon compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which have beneficial effects on human health. This research aimed to elucidate the etiology of blue and green molds detected on lemon fruits in Serbia. Using integrative identification approach, the obtained isolates were characterized from morphological, physiological, molecular, phylogenetic and pathological aspects. Colony growth and morphology were examined on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA), Malt extract agar (MEA) and Creatine sucrose agar (CREA), and on CYA at two additional incubation temperatures (5 and 37 ?C). For molecular identification, ITS and partial ?-tubulin (BenA) genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using maximum-likelihood method. A pathogenicity test was carried out and the possible difference in pathogenicity among isolates was assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent Tukey?s test. Four species were identified: Penicillium expansum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium polonicum and Talaromyces rugulosus. All four species proved to be pathogenic on lemon fruits, producing symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected fruits. The results of this study are the first records of the beforementioned Penicillium/ Talaromyces species as postharvest pathogens on lemon fruits in Serbia and the first world report of T. rugulosus as phytopathogenic on the same host.
{"title":"Polyphasic identification of decay agents of lemon fruits in Serbia","authors":"S. Stošić, D. Delic, S. Zivkovic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243073s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243073s","url":null,"abstract":"Lemon fruits are an important source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, carotenoids, polyphenols, coumarins and terpenes. These lemon compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which have beneficial effects on human health. This research aimed to elucidate the etiology of blue and green molds detected on lemon fruits in Serbia. Using integrative identification approach, the obtained isolates were characterized from morphological, physiological, molecular, phylogenetic and pathological aspects. Colony growth and morphology were examined on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA), Malt extract agar (MEA) and Creatine sucrose agar (CREA), and on CYA at two additional incubation temperatures (5 and 37 ?C). For molecular identification, ITS and partial ?-tubulin (BenA) genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using maximum-likelihood method. A pathogenicity test was carried out and the possible difference in pathogenicity among isolates was assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent Tukey?s test. Four species were identified: Penicillium expansum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium polonicum and Talaromyces rugulosus. All four species proved to be pathogenic on lemon fruits, producing symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected fruits. The results of this study are the first records of the beforementioned Penicillium/ Talaromyces species as postharvest pathogens on lemon fruits in Serbia and the first world report of T. rugulosus as phytopathogenic on the same host.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Željko Savković, M. Stupar, N. Unković, A. Stancic, J. Vukojevic, M. Ljaljevic-Grbic
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces species are frequently cited as contaminants of various substrata and are often associated with indoor environments. The main purpose of this study was to assess the potential pathogenicity of aerosol-derived fungi from Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces genera, isolated in the rooms for con?servation of cultural heritage artefacts, via estimating hemolytic activity. Hemolysis was detected in 20.58% of tested isolates at 37?C (11.76% partial and 8.82% complete) and 64.71% at 25?C (38.24% partial and 26.47% complete). The majority of isolates that caused ? hemolysis led to the significant oxidation of hemoglobin iron with methemoglobin content in blood agar medium, higher than 80%. Aspergillus melleus was the only tested fungi that caused formation of ferry hemoglobin after the incubation at 25?C. Obtained I values (index of activity for hemolytic exoenzymes) for ? hemolysis were in range of from 0.13 to 0.60 for 37?C, while for the temperature of 25?C values were in range of from 0.08 to 0.50. The same values for ? hemolysis were in range of from 0.03 to 0.08 (37?C), i.e. 0.06 to 0.49 (25?C). Monitoring of pathogenic airborne fungi in indoor environments and estimation of their virulence is essential for the adequate assessment of human health risks.
{"title":"Hemolytic potential of bioaerosol-derived Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces mould isolates","authors":"Željko Savković, M. Stupar, N. Unković, A. Stancic, J. Vukojevic, M. Ljaljevic-Grbic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243015s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243015s","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces species are frequently cited as contaminants of various substrata and are often associated with indoor environments. The main purpose of this study was to assess the potential pathogenicity of aerosol-derived fungi from Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces genera, isolated in the rooms for con?servation of cultural heritage artefacts, via estimating hemolytic activity. Hemolysis was detected in 20.58% of tested isolates at 37?C (11.76% partial and 8.82% complete) and 64.71% at 25?C (38.24% partial and 26.47% complete). The majority of isolates that caused ? hemolysis led to the significant oxidation of hemoglobin iron with methemoglobin content in blood agar medium, higher than 80%. Aspergillus melleus was the only tested fungi that caused formation of ferry hemoglobin after the incubation at 25?C. Obtained I values (index of activity for hemolytic exoenzymes) for ? hemolysis were in range of from 0.13 to 0.60 for 37?C, while for the temperature of 25?C values were in range of from 0.08 to 0.50. The same values for ? hemolysis were in range of from 0.03 to 0.08 (37?C), i.e. 0.06 to 0.49 (25?C). Monitoring of pathogenic airborne fungi in indoor environments and estimation of their virulence is essential for the adequate assessment of human health risks.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the living world, in the existing ecosystem, for the reproduction, production and spread of plant species, bees are one of the most important parts of nature. In the pollination of certain field and fruit-vegetable plant species, bees participate with almost 100%. Any factor that contributes to reducing the presence of bees in nature, directly affects the fertility of the plant world, and indirectly affects the rest of the entire living population. Nosemosis is a microorganism that has a great impact on the health of bees. In the previous period, Nosema sp. is classified as a single-celled parasite, a protozoan, but today it is classified as a fungus (Microsporidia). There are about 30 different species of Nosema in nature. For the bee population, especially with regard to the European honey bee (Apis millifera), two species of Nosema are very important, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. The correct confirmation of the type Nosema provides a better understanding of the outcomes and consequences for the apiary in which the clinical picture of nosemosis has occurred. The phenotypic diagnostic method, despite the present morphological differences, does not provide the possibility of reliable confirmation of the Nosema species. For these reasons, in order to make a differential diagnosis, it is necessary to determine which type of Nosema is present by molecular methods. In our work, by molecular method (PCR), we analyzed bees sampled from two administrative areas. The examination showed that Nosema ceranae was found in the two examined areas, while the presence of Nosema apis was not confirmed. These results may indicate that Nosema ceranae is predominant in the study area and has completely replaced Nosema apis.
{"title":"Differential diagnosis of bees nosemosis - procedure and significance","authors":"I. Stojanov, R. Ratajac, I. Pušić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243053s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243053s","url":null,"abstract":"For the living world, in the existing ecosystem, for the reproduction, production and spread of plant species, bees are one of the most important parts of nature. In the pollination of certain field and fruit-vegetable plant species, bees participate with almost 100%. Any factor that contributes to reducing the presence of bees in nature, directly affects the fertility of the plant world, and indirectly affects the rest of the entire living population. Nosemosis is a microorganism that has a great impact on the health of bees. In the previous period, Nosema sp. is classified as a single-celled parasite, a protozoan, but today it is classified as a fungus (Microsporidia). There are about 30 different species of Nosema in nature. For the bee population, especially with regard to the European honey bee (Apis millifera), two species of Nosema are very important, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. The correct confirmation of the type Nosema provides a better understanding of the outcomes and consequences for the apiary in which the clinical picture of nosemosis has occurred. The phenotypic diagnostic method, despite the present morphological differences, does not provide the possibility of reliable confirmation of the Nosema species. For these reasons, in order to make a differential diagnosis, it is necessary to determine which type of Nosema is present by molecular methods. In our work, by molecular method (PCR), we analyzed bees sampled from two administrative areas. The examination showed that Nosema ceranae was found in the two examined areas, while the presence of Nosema apis was not confirmed. These results may indicate that Nosema ceranae is predominant in the study area and has completely replaced Nosema apis.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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