三叶草对艾草营养性生产的影响

A. Savić, Ana Mileusnić, D. Pavlović, D. Božić, S. Vrbničanin
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引用次数: 2

摘要

Ambrosia artemisiifolia(普通豚草)和A. trifida(巨型豚草)是塞尔维亚非常重要的入侵杂草,经常在农业地区发现。当这些杂草高密度存在时,作物产量会显著降低,甚至完全被摧毁。与艾草不同的是,三叶草在中部巴克地区(伏伊伏丁那省)是局部存在的,预计其分布区域将在未来扩大。本研究假设未来三叶草的分布可能会比现在更大,目的是研究这两个物种之间的相互作用。试验采用置换设计模型,以苜蓿/蒿/ m2为密度比,种植10/0;8/2;4/6;6/4;2/8和0/10,在一个完全随机的块系统中,有四个复制。在2016年和2017年的7月、8月和9月对艾草的营养参数(高度和干质量)进行了测量,并在社会科学统计软件包(SPSS 23)中进行了统计分析。2016年7月艾草平均高度为35.00 ~ 50.40 cm, 8月平均高度为68.00 ~ 95.50 cm, 9月平均高度为83.75 ~ 99.80 cm。下一季(2017年)对应值分别为56.19 ~ 78.50 cm(7月)、98.38 ~ 125.50 cm(8月)和111.19 ~ 148.50 cm(9月)。增加艾草株数和减少三叶草数会导致艾草单株干质量增加。艾草干质量为4.22 ~ 6.11 g/株(7月)、8.96 ~ 10.27 g/株(8月)和7.04 ~ 19.53 g/株(9月)。7月、8月和9月分别为9.62 ~ 14.60 g/株、14.37 ~ 28.90 g/株和23.43 ~ 40.47 g/株。2株处理的营养参数最小,10株/m2处理的营养参数最大。这意味着种间竞争在豚草物种中比种内竞争更为明显。
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The influence of Ambrosia trifida on vegetative production of A. artemisiifolia
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and A. trifida (giant ragweed) are very important weed species that are invasive in Serbia and are often found in agricultural regions. When these weeds are present at high densities, crop yields can be significantly reduced or even completely destroyed. Unlike A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida is locally present in the Central Backa region (Vojvodina province), and it is expected that its area of distribution will expand in the future. Starting from the assumption that future distribution of A. trifida could take on larger proportions than now, the aim of this study was focused on examining the interaction between these two species. Experiments were conducted using the replacement design model, in which Ambrosia trifida/Ambrosia artemisiifolia per m2, were planted as density ratios of 10/0; 8/2; 4/6; 6/4; 2/8, and 0/10, in a completely randomized block system with four replications. The vegetative parameters (height and dry mass) of A. artemisiifolia were measured in July, August and September over a period of two years (2016 and 2017), and the results were statistically analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In July 2016, the average height of A. artemisiifolia was in the range between 35.00 and 50.40 cm, in August it was from 68.00 to 95.50 cm, and between 83.75 and 99.80 cm in September. In the following season (2017), the corresponding values ranged from 56.19 to 78.50 (July), 98.38 to 125.50 cm (August) and 111.19 to 148.50 (September). An increase in the number of A. artemisiifolia plants and decrease in A. trifida counts per m2 caused an increase in the dry mass of A. artemisiifolia per plant. The dry mass of A. artemisiifolia ranged from 4.22 to 6.11 g/plant (July), 8.96 to 10.27 g/plant (August) and 7.04 to 19.53 g/plant (September). In the following season, these values ranged from 9.62 to 14.60 g/plant, 14.37 to 28.90 g/plant, and 23.43 to 40.47 g/plant in July, August and September, respectively. Minimum values of vegetative parameters were recorded in the treatment with 2 plants, and maximum in the treatment with 10 A. artemisiifolia plants/m2. This means that interspecific competition is more pronounced in this ragweed species than intraspecific competition.
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