M. Mihajlović, E. Rekanović, J. Hrustić, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, B. Tanović
Sclerotinia stem and root rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is considered to be an important soil-borne disease of over 400 plant species, including a wide range of species important for agriculture. In vitro and in vivo sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was studied. The highest efficacy was achieved by boscalid (98%) and fluopyram (80%), and the lowest by a B. subtilis-based product (5%). The isolate was sensitive to all tested products in vitro. Considering the tested synthetic fungicides, fluopyram exhibited the highest toxicity (EC50=0.003 mg/l), while captan exhibited the lowest (EC50=8.94mg/l). Even lower efficacy was achieved by tea tree oil and B. subtilis-based products. The environmental impact of pesticides and biopesticides used for Sclerotinia control was assessed. Modeling of predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECsoil), coupled with literature toxicity data, served for assessment of pesticides soil risks. A high long-term risk for earthworms was revealed for captan and thiophanate-methyl. Based on both efficacy and risk assessment results, fluopyram was found to have the best properties of all tested conventional pesticides, while tea tree oil exerted better performance than the Bacillus product. Further investigation of combined use of conventional and biopesticides might reveal new perspectives regarding effective Sclerotinia control, while simultaneously reducing negative environmental impact.
{"title":"Can Sclerotinia stem and root rot be managed effectively without causing environmental imbalance in soil?","authors":"M. Mihajlović, E. Rekanović, J. Hrustić, M. Grahovac, Marija Stevanović, B. Tanović","doi":"10.2298/pif2301011m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2301011m","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotinia stem and root rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is considered to be an important soil-borne disease of over 400 plant species, including a wide range of species important for agriculture. In vitro and in vivo sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was studied. The highest efficacy was achieved by boscalid (98%) and fluopyram (80%), and the lowest by a B. subtilis-based product (5%). The isolate was sensitive to all tested products in vitro. Considering the tested synthetic fungicides, fluopyram exhibited the highest toxicity (EC50=0.003 mg/l), while captan exhibited the lowest (EC50=8.94mg/l). Even lower efficacy was achieved by tea tree oil and B. subtilis-based products. The environmental impact of pesticides and biopesticides used for Sclerotinia control was assessed. Modeling of predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECsoil), coupled with literature toxicity data, served for assessment of pesticides soil risks. A high long-term risk for earthworms was revealed for captan and thiophanate-methyl. Based on both efficacy and risk assessment results, fluopyram was found to have the best properties of all tested conventional pesticides, while tea tree oil exerted better performance than the Bacillus product. Further investigation of combined use of conventional and biopesticides might reveal new perspectives regarding effective Sclerotinia control, while simultaneously reducing negative environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68628068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, L. Radivojević, L. Santric, T. Djordjevic, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro the herbicidal effect of an essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens) on germination and early seedling growth of two parasitic flowering plants in the genus Cuscuta (Cuscuta campestris and C. epithymum), as well as its phytotoxic impact on germination and early seedling growth of two host plants (alfalfa and red clover). Chemical analysis of the essential oil extracted from dill leaves and flowers showed that carvone (51.69%) and limonene (39.88%) predominated. The results of a seed bioassay showed inhibitory effects of different concentrations (1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% v v-1) of the essential oil of dill leaves on germination and early seedling growth of both tested species of the genus Cuscuta. Germination of C. campestris seeds was inhibited between 67% and 94%, while seed germination of C. epithymum was inhibited between 67% and 100%. A similar inhibitory effect was observed regarding the seedling length parameter. Moreover, the bioassay results indicated significant phytotoxic effects of dill essential oil on the seed germination and early seedling growth of host plants. Red clover proved more sensitive as even the lowest concentration inhibited germination by 35%, while higher concentrations caused 70-100% inhibition. On the other hand, lower concentations inhibited germination of alfalfa seeds by 5%, while higher concentrations caused greater inhibition (36-100%). Future research should include both pot experiments and field micro-trials to determine herbicidal, i.e. phytotoxic, effects of dill essential oil on parasitic flowering plants and cultivated species.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Cuscuta species and their hosts to Anethum graveolens essential oil","authors":"M. Sarić-Krsmanović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, L. Radivojević, L. Santric, T. Djordjevic, Rada Djurovic-Pejcev","doi":"10.2298/pif2301033s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2301033s","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro the herbicidal effect of an essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens) on germination and early seedling growth of two parasitic flowering plants in the genus Cuscuta (Cuscuta campestris and C. epithymum), as well as its phytotoxic impact on germination and early seedling growth of two host plants (alfalfa and red clover). Chemical analysis of the essential oil extracted from dill leaves and flowers showed that carvone (51.69%) and limonene (39.88%) predominated. The results of a seed bioassay showed inhibitory effects of different concentrations (1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% v v-1) of the essential oil of dill leaves on germination and early seedling growth of both tested species of the genus Cuscuta. Germination of C. campestris seeds was inhibited between 67% and 94%, while seed germination of C. epithymum was inhibited between 67% and 100%. A similar inhibitory effect was observed regarding the seedling length parameter. Moreover, the bioassay results indicated significant phytotoxic effects of dill essential oil on the seed germination and early seedling growth of host plants. Red clover proved more sensitive as even the lowest concentration inhibited germination by 35%, while higher concentrations caused 70-100% inhibition. On the other hand, lower concentations inhibited germination of alfalfa seeds by 5%, while higher concentrations caused greater inhibition (36-100%). Future research should include both pot experiments and field micro-trials to determine herbicidal, i.e. phytotoxic, effects of dill essential oil on parasitic flowering plants and cultivated species.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68628217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of selective new generation bioisecticides, beside their effectiveness against key pests, relies on their safety to beneficial arthropods. Spinetoram, a semi-synthetic analogue of the microbial-derived bioinsecticide spinosad is registered worldwide for application in numerous crops, but assessment of its ecotoxicological risk to beneficial arthropods has scarcely been documented. Moreover, this is the first report on toxic effects of spinetoram on a pest, the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and/or its successful biocontrol agent, the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Under laboratory conditions, we assessed the acute toxicity of spinetoram insecticide (25% a.i.) to adults, nymphs and eggs of the greenhouse whitefly, as well as to parasitoid adults and pupae. In all concentration-response bioassays, the spinetoram insecticide was applied to tobacco leaves settled onto 1% agar layer in ventilated Petri dishes using a Potter spray tower. The parameters of spinetoram acute toxicity to adults of both the pest and the parasitoid were evaluated in residual contact bioassays, while whitefly eggs and nymphs, and parasitoid pupae were topically treated with a series of spinetoram concentrations, covering a range of 10-90% mortality. Lethal spinetoram effects on the parasitoid E. formosa were assessed through selectivity ratio (SR) estimations, showing the ratios beetween median lethal concentrations (LC50s) estimated for the parasitoid, and LC50s estimated for the pest. The following LC50 values were obtained: 4.593, 15.027 and 11.73 mg a.i./l for whitefly adults, nymphs and eggs, respectively, and 0.686 and 1.715 mg a.i./l for parasitoid adults and pupae, respectively. The calculated SR estimations were below 1, indicating that spinetoram insecticide is non-selective to both tested stages of the parasitoid E. formosa. A more detailed understanding of spinetoram impact on E. formosa in whitefly integrated management requires further evaluation of sublethal effects and greenhouse trials, with an emphasis on population-level responses.
{"title":"Comparative toxicity of spinetoram to Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and its parasitoid Eencarsia formosa Gahan","authors":"Tanja Drobnjakovic, Mirjana Prijovic, Emanuele Porcu, Michele Ricupero, Gaetano Siscaro, Lucia Zappala, Antonio Biondi","doi":"10.2298/pif2302065d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2302065d","url":null,"abstract":"The role of selective new generation bioisecticides, beside their effectiveness against key pests, relies on their safety to beneficial arthropods. Spinetoram, a semi-synthetic analogue of the microbial-derived bioinsecticide spinosad is registered worldwide for application in numerous crops, but assessment of its ecotoxicological risk to beneficial arthropods has scarcely been documented. Moreover, this is the first report on toxic effects of spinetoram on a pest, the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and/or its successful biocontrol agent, the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Under laboratory conditions, we assessed the acute toxicity of spinetoram insecticide (25% a.i.) to adults, nymphs and eggs of the greenhouse whitefly, as well as to parasitoid adults and pupae. In all concentration-response bioassays, the spinetoram insecticide was applied to tobacco leaves settled onto 1% agar layer in ventilated Petri dishes using a Potter spray tower. The parameters of spinetoram acute toxicity to adults of both the pest and the parasitoid were evaluated in residual contact bioassays, while whitefly eggs and nymphs, and parasitoid pupae were topically treated with a series of spinetoram concentrations, covering a range of 10-90% mortality. Lethal spinetoram effects on the parasitoid E. formosa were assessed through selectivity ratio (SR) estimations, showing the ratios beetween median lethal concentrations (LC50s) estimated for the parasitoid, and LC50s estimated for the pest. The following LC50 values were obtained: 4.593, 15.027 and 11.73 mg a.i./l for whitefly adults, nymphs and eggs, respectively, and 0.686 and 1.715 mg a.i./l for parasitoid adults and pupae, respectively. The calculated SR estimations were below 1, indicating that spinetoram insecticide is non-selective to both tested stages of the parasitoid E. formosa. A more detailed understanding of spinetoram impact on E. formosa in whitefly integrated management requires further evaluation of sublethal effects and greenhouse trials, with an emphasis on population-level responses.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic, Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic, Tijana Djordjevic, Ljiljana Radivojevic, Ljiljana Santric, Dragana Bozic, Sava Vrbnicanin
The potential allelopathic effect of a green walnut fruit extract on seed germination and early growth of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota) was tested, as well as its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize (Zea mays). Another objective was to analyze the plant extract and assess its antioxidative activity. Antioxidative activity of the plant extract was evaluated based on its ability to neutralize DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and capacity for iron reduction using the FRAP method. Inhibition of the evaluated parameters (total germination and seedling length) decreased proportionally with decreasing concentrations of extract solution of green walnut fruit. The parameters of seedling growth were also found to show greater susceptibility than total seed germination of all three of the tested weed species. Although the seed bioassay results indicated a high inhibitory effect on germination and early growth of the tested weeds, they also revealed phytotoxic activity during early growth of the cultivated Z. mays.
研究了青核桃果提取物对三种杂草(Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota)种子萌发和早期生长的潜在化感作用，以及对玉米(Zea mays)种子萌发和早期生长的植物毒性作用。另一个目的是分析植物提取物并评估其抗氧化活性。采用FRAP法对植物提取物的抗氧化活性进行了评价，评价了其对DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼)自由基的中和能力和对铁的还原能力。青核桃果浸膏溶液浓度越低，对总发芽率和幼苗长度的抑制率越低。幼苗生长参数对三种杂草的敏感性均高于总种子萌发率。虽然种子生物测定结果显示对被试杂草的萌发和早期生长有很高的抑制作用，但它们也显示出在培养的麦穗草的早期生长中具有植物毒性活性。
{"title":"Antioxidant activity, phytotoxicity and allelopathic potential of green walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit extract","authors":"Marija Saric-Krsmanovic, Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic, Tijana Djordjevic, Ljiljana Radivojevic, Ljiljana Santric, Dragana Bozic, Sava Vrbnicanin","doi":"10.2298/pif2302075s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2302075s","url":null,"abstract":"The potential allelopathic effect of a green walnut fruit extract on seed germination and early growth of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Daucus carota) was tested, as well as its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize (Zea mays). Another objective was to analyze the plant extract and assess its antioxidative activity. Antioxidative activity of the plant extract was evaluated based on its ability to neutralize DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and capacity for iron reduction using the FRAP method. Inhibition of the evaluated parameters (total germination and seedling length) decreased proportionally with decreasing concentrations of extract solution of green walnut fruit. The parameters of seedling growth were also found to show greater susceptibility than total seed germination of all three of the tested weed species. Although the seed bioassay results indicated a high inhibitory effect on germination and early growth of the tested weeds, they also revealed phytotoxic activity during early growth of the cultivated Z. mays.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Živković, R. Iličić, G. Barać, J. Damnjanovic, D. Cvikic, N. Trkulja, Tatjana Popovic-Milovanovic
The present study focused on detecting bacteria of the Xanthomonas spp. complex (X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri) and examining their influence on certain quality parameters of pepper seed collected from the territory of Smederevska Palanka (Serbia). The analysis included 27 non-commercial pepper seed genotypes (including chili and sweet pepper) collected in 2021. Several parameters of the quality of analyzed pepper seed (germination energy, total germination, moisture and seed health) were determined. The results showed that out of a total of 27 analyzed samples of pepper seed, the presence of X. euvesicatoria was detected in 13 of them. The presence of X. vesicatoria, X. gardneri and X. perforans was not confirmed. Germination energy of infected seed was 52-84%, and of bacteria-free seed 63-90%; total germination of infected seed was 66-91%, and of bacteria-free seed 80-95%. Seed moisture of infected seed samples was 6.1-12%, and of bacteria-free seed 6.2-8.1%. These parameters did not show significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The presence of seed-borne fungi Fusarium sp. accounted for up to 3% in 25 samples, while it was up to 6% in the remaining two; Alternaria sp. ranked from 1-4% in 25 samples, and up to 5% in only two samples. The results led to a conclusion that the bacterium X. euvesicatoria is the predominant pathogen of the Xanthomonas spp. complex, but it did not affect the quality parameters of the tested pepper seed.
{"title":"Influence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on quality parameters of pepper seed from Serbia","authors":"Ivana Živković, R. Iličić, G. Barać, J. Damnjanovic, D. Cvikic, N. Trkulja, Tatjana Popovic-Milovanovic","doi":"10.2298/pif2301001z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2301001z","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on detecting bacteria of the Xanthomonas spp. complex (X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri) and examining their influence on certain quality parameters of pepper seed collected from the territory of Smederevska Palanka (Serbia). The analysis included 27 non-commercial pepper seed genotypes (including chili and sweet pepper) collected in 2021. Several parameters of the quality of analyzed pepper seed (germination energy, total germination, moisture and seed health) were determined. The results showed that out of a total of 27 analyzed samples of pepper seed, the presence of X. euvesicatoria was detected in 13 of them. The presence of X. vesicatoria, X. gardneri and X. perforans was not confirmed. Germination energy of infected seed was 52-84%, and of bacteria-free seed 63-90%; total germination of infected seed was 66-91%, and of bacteria-free seed 80-95%. Seed moisture of infected seed samples was 6.1-12%, and of bacteria-free seed 6.2-8.1%. These parameters did not show significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The presence of seed-borne fungi Fusarium sp. accounted for up to 3% in 25 samples, while it was up to 6% in the remaining two; Alternaria sp. ranked from 1-4% in 25 samples, and up to 5% in only two samples. The results led to a conclusion that the bacterium X. euvesicatoria is the predominant pathogen of the Xanthomonas spp. complex, but it did not affect the quality parameters of the tested pepper seed.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable species grown worldwide, including the Republic of Serbia. Leaf blight, caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium, is a serious and destructive disease of onion leaves around the world, which limits the quality and quantity of bulbs and seeds. Yield decrease occurs due to a reduced photosynthetic area, which leads to the formation of smaller bulbs of poorer quality. The recommended strategy for control and reduction of SLB inoculum includes crop rotation with other vegetable species or cereals that are not hosts of these fungi, the use of resistant onion genotypes, weed removal, adequate use of nitrogen fertilizers, control of thrips (Thrips spp.), as well as seed treatment, considering that seeds play a significant role in the spread of pathogens. Timely and correct application of foliar fungicides is certainly the key strategy. The timing of application of fungicides with different modes of action is crucial for controlling Stemphylium vesicarium in onion.
{"title":"Stemphylium vesicarium (wallr.) E.G. Simmons: An onion plant pathogen and options for suppression","authors":"Ana Takac, Slavica Vukovic","doi":"10.2298/pif2302043t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2302043t","url":null,"abstract":"Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable species grown worldwide, including the Republic of Serbia. Leaf blight, caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium, is a serious and destructive disease of onion leaves around the world, which limits the quality and quantity of bulbs and seeds. Yield decrease occurs due to a reduced photosynthetic area, which leads to the formation of smaller bulbs of poorer quality. The recommended strategy for control and reduction of SLB inoculum includes crop rotation with other vegetable species or cereals that are not hosts of these fungi, the use of resistant onion genotypes, weed removal, adequate use of nitrogen fertilizers, control of thrips (Thrips spp.), as well as seed treatment, considering that seeds play a significant role in the spread of pathogens. Timely and correct application of foliar fungicides is certainly the key strategy. The timing of application of fungicides with different modes of action is crucial for controlling Stemphylium vesicarium in onion.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The original published version of the article contained two errors: (1) In Table 1B: tomato was not indicated as a host plant for T. evansi (2) In Figure 1: After carefully looking at the previous drawings of T. ludeni body parts, we concluded that it is necessary to provide new and more precise drawings of the male aedeagus and female tibia/tarsus I The corrigendum presents the corrected version of Table 1B and Figure 1.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The dark-red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) - a new pest in Serbian acarofauna” Ivana Maric, Irena Medjo and Dejan Marcic (volume 37, issue 3, pp. 85-93; doi: https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2203085M)","authors":"E. Editorial","doi":"10.2298/pif2301041e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2301041e","url":null,"abstract":"The original published version of the article contained two errors: (1) In Table 1B: tomato was not indicated as a host plant for T. evansi (2) In Figure 1: After carefully looking at the previous drawings of T. ludeni body parts, we concluded that it is necessary to provide new and more precise drawings of the male aedeagus and female tibia/tarsus I The corrigendum presents the corrected version of Table 1B and Figure 1. <br><br><font color=\"red\"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/PIF2203085M\">10.2298/PIF2203085M</a></b></u>","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ginger is one of the most valuable cash crops for farmers in different parts of Ethiopia. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, creates major limitation to production of ginger in Ethiopia. Heavy losses due to the disease occur regularly, causing an additional impediment for production in infected areas. Field tests were conducted at Tepi, South- Western Ethiopia, during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons to assess the effects of soil solarization and botanical mulch on epidemics of bacterial wilt of ginger. Four soil solarization periods, lasting two, four, six or eight weeks before planting were integrated with four different botanical mulch treatments after planting: vetivar grass, lemon grass, Chinese chive and Lantana camara. Unsolarized and unmulched plots were used as the control for comparison. Treatments were arranged in factorial arrangements with randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcomes indicated that soil solarization integrated with lemon grass mulch treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt mean incidence by 22.1% up to 42.2%, compared to control plots. These treatments also dramatically reduced AUDPC and disease progress rates. Soil solarization for eight weeks integrated with lemon grass mulch resulted in the lowest (42.2%) final mean disease severity and AUDPC (33.8%) in comparison to the control. Typical results of this study indicated that soil solarization integrated with botanical mulch treatments were effective in slowing dawn the epidemics of bacterial wilt and in recovering ginger production and productivity, and they are consequently recommended for application in the study areas along with other crop management schemes.
{"title":"Management of ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) epidemics by soil solarization and botanical mulching at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Merga Jibat, Abukiya Getu","doi":"10.2298/pif2301023j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2301023j","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger is one of the most valuable cash crops for farmers in different parts of Ethiopia. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, creates major limitation to production of ginger in Ethiopia. Heavy losses due to the disease occur regularly, causing an additional impediment for production in infected areas. Field tests were conducted at Tepi, South- Western Ethiopia, during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons to assess the effects of soil solarization and botanical mulch on epidemics of bacterial wilt of ginger. Four soil solarization periods, lasting two, four, six or eight weeks before planting were integrated with four different botanical mulch treatments after planting: vetivar grass, lemon grass, Chinese chive and Lantana camara. Unsolarized and unmulched plots were used as the control for comparison. Treatments were arranged in factorial arrangements with randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcomes indicated that soil solarization integrated with lemon grass mulch treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt mean incidence by 22.1% up to 42.2%, compared to control plots. These treatments also dramatically reduced AUDPC and disease progress rates. Soil solarization for eight weeks integrated with lemon grass mulch resulted in the lowest (42.2%) final mean disease severity and AUDPC (33.8%) in comparison to the control. Typical results of this study indicated that soil solarization integrated with botanical mulch treatments were effective in slowing dawn the epidemics of bacterial wilt and in recovering ginger production and productivity, and they are consequently recommended for application in the study areas along with other crop management schemes.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68628136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Dervisevic, Aleksandar Stojanovic, Draga Graora
Citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was for the first time registered in Serbia in 2015 in the area of Belgrade on Celtis occidentalis L. C. pseudomagnoliarum develops one generation annually and overwinters as the second-instar nymph on host twigs. It forms numerous colonies on infested plants, and symptoms of its feeding appear in the form of drying leaves and twigs. In addition, large amounts of honeydew that this scale secretes reduce photosynthesis and transpiration in plants, which accelerates their decay. Citricola scale attracts many entomophagous insects which are able to reduce pest population. The parasitoid wasps Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus piceae Erdos, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman), Coccophagus shillongensis (Hayat and Singh) (Aphelinidae), Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson and Metaphycus stanleyi Compere (Encyrtidae) were reared. C. piceae and M. stanleyi are new species in the fauna of Serbia. C. pseudomagnoliarum is a new host for the species M. stanleyi. The predators Coccinella septempunctata L., Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae) were found in scale colonies. The most efficient natural enemy of C. pseudomagnoliarum nymphs was C. lycimnia, reducing scale populations by 11-26%.
{"title":"Bionomy of Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a new species in the fauna of Serbia","authors":"Marina Dervisevic, Aleksandar Stojanovic, Draga Graora","doi":"10.2298/pif2302055d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2302055d","url":null,"abstract":"Citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was for the first time registered in Serbia in 2015 in the area of Belgrade on Celtis occidentalis L. C. pseudomagnoliarum develops one generation annually and overwinters as the second-instar nymph on host twigs. It forms numerous colonies on infested plants, and symptoms of its feeding appear in the form of drying leaves and twigs. In addition, large amounts of honeydew that this scale secretes reduce photosynthesis and transpiration in plants, which accelerates their decay. Citricola scale attracts many entomophagous insects which are able to reduce pest population. The parasitoid wasps Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus piceae Erdos, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman), Coccophagus shillongensis (Hayat and Singh) (Aphelinidae), Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson and Metaphycus stanleyi Compere (Encyrtidae) were reared. C. piceae and M. stanleyi are new species in the fauna of Serbia. C. pseudomagnoliarum is a new host for the species M. stanleyi. The predators Coccinella septempunctata L., Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae) were found in scale colonies. The most efficient natural enemy of C. pseudomagnoliarum nymphs was C. lycimnia, reducing scale populations by 11-26%.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belabed Imane, Abed Hannane, B. Amor, Rouag Noureddine
Fusarium head blight is an important disease of durum wheat which requires several fungicide treatments of seeds to achieve satisfactory control. The current study was carried out to evaluate commercially available fungicides in vitro for their efficacy against eighteen Fusarium spp. isolates collected from different fields in the north-eastern part of Algeria. The morphological and molecular characterization reveals the presence in wheat seeds of the main species complexes F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culomorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti, as well as F. tricinctum species complex and F. chlamydosporum species complex. Antifungal activity of fungicides shows that all triazoles tested have proven their effectiveness in inhibiting the mycelial growth of various strains of Fusarium tested. However, their sensitivity varies between them significantly (p<0.05) depending on the dose applied and period of exposure to each fungicide. The results showed that tebuconazole (Raxil and T?buzole) and the combination fludioxonil + difenoconazole greatly reduced the mycelial growth of Fusarium isolates by 84.31%, 82.94%, 81.33%, respectively, as compared to difenoconazole alone (73.16%) at the recommended dose after five days of exposure. Regarding their effect on conidia germination, tebuconazole was more effective than fludioxonil + difenoconazole, which leads to deformation of cell wall structure and fragmentation of conidia. These results will provide useful information to select suitable fungicides for seed treatment and management of wheat head blight disease.
{"title":"Fusarium species associated with wheat head blight disease in Algeria: Characterization and effects of triazole fungicides","authors":"Belabed Imane, Abed Hannane, B. Amor, Rouag Noureddine","doi":"10.2298/pif2202049i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/pif2202049i","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight is an important disease of durum wheat which requires several fungicide treatments of seeds to achieve satisfactory control. The current study was carried out to evaluate commercially available fungicides in vitro for their efficacy against eighteen Fusarium spp. isolates collected from different fields in the north-eastern part of Algeria. The morphological and molecular characterization reveals the presence in wheat seeds of the main species complexes F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culomorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti, as well as F. tricinctum species complex and F. chlamydosporum species complex. Antifungal activity of fungicides shows that all triazoles tested have proven their effectiveness in inhibiting the mycelial growth of various strains of Fusarium tested. However, their sensitivity varies between them significantly (p<0.05) depending on the dose applied and period of exposure to each fungicide. The results showed that tebuconazole (Raxil and T?buzole) and the combination fludioxonil + difenoconazole greatly reduced the mycelial growth of Fusarium isolates by 84.31%, 82.94%, 81.33%, respectively, as compared to difenoconazole alone (73.16%) at the recommended dose after five days of exposure. Regarding their effect on conidia germination, tebuconazole was more effective than fludioxonil + difenoconazole, which leads to deformation of cell wall structure and fragmentation of conidia. These results will provide useful information to select suitable fungicides for seed treatment and management of wheat head blight disease.","PeriodicalId":19801,"journal":{"name":"Pesticidi I Fitomedicina","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68627363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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