天然产物对沙棘草密度、沙棘草品质及饲料品质的影响

I. Nikolova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2015年至2017年在饲料作物研究所(保加利亚普列文)进行了田间试验。研究了天然产物对饲料豌豆棘虹吸管密度的影响,以及其化学成分、植物纤维成分含量和酶降解率的变化。施用天然杀虫剂Madex和Agricolle,单独施用或与有机肥Lithovit和Nagro联合施用,分别在开花初期和一周后进行两次处理。试验中使用的肥料是环保安全的,并被批准用于有机生产。以叶面肥料Kristalon和杀虫剂Proteus 110 OD的合成产物为对照。天然产物的单独或联合施用均可降低豌豆蚜虫的密度。Agricolle与Nagro、Lithovit分别与Agricolle和Agricolle处理后蚜虫数量下降幅度最大(分别为70.0和51.1%)。结果表明,施用Agricolle + Lithovit和Agricole + Nagro可显著降低植物细胞壁纤维组分含量、纤维素含量和木质化程度,显著提高饲料体外酶消化率。消化率分别达到71.8%和69.8%,提高了8.2 ~ 5.2%,ADF、纤维素和木质化程度分别从7.1%和7.7%、8.0%和23.4%、10.5%和6.8%下降。相比之下,Kristalon和Kristalon与Proteus的合成产物对饲料品质的提高程度相对较小。与中性洗涤纤维含量相比,蚜虫密度与干物质消化率之间存在较强的线性关系。豌豆饲料经天然产物Agricolle处理后,与Lithovit和Nagro组合使用,具有植物细胞壁纤维组分含量低、纤维素和木质化程度低、蛋白质含量高、消化率高的特点,是奶牛口粮中很好的补充饲料。
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Impact of natural products on Acyrthosiphon pisum density on Pisum sativum L. and forage quality
A field trial was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Pleven, Bulgaria) from 2015 to 2017. It studied the effects of natural products on Acyrthosiphon pisum density, as well as changes in the chemical composition, content of plant fibre components and enzyme degradability in forage pea. Treatments with the natural insecticides Madex and Agricolle, applied alone or in combination with the organic fertilizers Lithovit and Nagro were performed twice - at the beginning of the flowering stage and one week later. The fertilizers used in the trial are environmentally safe and approved for use in organic production. The synthetic products Kristalon, a foliar fertilizer, and Proteus 110 OD, an insecticide, were used for comparison. The application of natural products, either alone and in combination, resulted in a reduction in pea aphid density. Applying Agricolle with Nagro, followed by Lithovit with Agricolle, led to the highest aphid number decrease (70.0 and 51.1%, respectively). An optimal combination of decrease in the content of plant cell wall fibre components, cellulose and lignification degree with a significant increase in forage in vitro enzyme digestibility was established after applying Agricolle with Lithovit and Agricole with Nagro. Digestibility reached 71.8 and 69.8%, respectively, an increase of 8.2-5.2%, while ADF, cellulose and lignification degree decreased from 7.1 and 7.7%, 8.0 and 23.4%, amd 10.5 and 6.8% after applying Agricolle with Lithovit and Agricole with Nagro, respectively. In comparison, the synthetic products Kristalon and Kristalon with Proteus increased forage quality, but to a relatively lesser extent. A stronger linear relationship was found between aphid density and dry matter digestibility, compared to the content of neutral detergent fibres. Pea forage with low content of plant cell wall fibre components, cellulose and lignification degree, high protein content, and digestibility after treatment with the natural product Agricolle, and its combinations with Lithovit and Nagro, make it a very good complement to other forages in dairy cow rations.
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