杀菌剂和生物杀菌剂对辣椒黄萎病和枯萎病的体内外毒性研究

M. Mihajlović, E. Rekanović, J. Hrustić, M. Grahovac, B. Tanović
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引用次数: 2

摘要

研究了大丽花黄萎病菌和尖孢镰刀菌对几种市售杀菌剂和生物杀菌剂的体内外敏感性。在体外实验中,大丽花弧菌对异苯康唑非常敏感(EC50 = 0.02 mg/l)。而在温室条件下,以甲基硫代菌为基础的产品对接种辣椒植株的大丽弧菌防治效果最高,为对照的83.10%。在所检测的杀菌剂中,以嘧菌酯为基础的杀菌剂的杀菌率最低(23.10%),与对照无显著性差异(p < 0.05)。体外实验结果表明,该菌对丙氯嗪(EC50 = 0.07 mg/l)最敏感,对氟吡喃(EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l)最不敏感。在体内试验中,以卡帕坦为基础的产品的有效性最高(95.60%),以硫代甲基为基础的产品的有效性最低(54.40%)。在实验室条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌的拮抗活性不令人满意。同时,以三叶树精油为基础的产品对大丽花弧菌和尖孢镰刀菌引起的辣椒萎蔫病的抑菌活性和抑菌谱均不明显。
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In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of verticillium and fusarium wilt of pepper
A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was undertaken. In in vitro assays, the tested isolate of V. dahliae proved to be very sensitive to difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.02 mg/l). However, under greenhouse conditions, the highest efficacy in V. dahliae control on inoculated pepper plants was recorded for a product based on thiophanate-methyl (83.10% compared to control). Among the tested fungicides, the lowest efficacy was recorded for a product based on azoxystrobin (23.10 %) with no significant difference compared to control (p > 0.05). In in vitro assays, the tested F. oxysporum isolate was the most sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 = 0.07 mg/l) and the least sensitive to fluopyram (EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l). In in vivo assay, the highest efficacy was achieved by products based on captan (95.60%), and the lowest by a product based on thiophanate-methyl (54.40%). Antagonistic activity of the bacterium B. subtilis under laboratory conditions was not satisfying. Also, the antifungal activity and spectrum of a tested product based on tee tree oil was not efficient in suppressing pepper wilting caused by V. dahliae and F. oxysporum.
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