基于枯草芽孢杆菌ch -13的生物杀菌剂防治绿霉病和提高蘑菇产量的大规模研究

I. Potocnik, B. Todorovic, S. Milijasevic-Marcic, J. Lukovic, Gabriella Kanižai-Šarić, I. Majić, E. Rekanović
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摘要

以枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13为基材,研究了其对栽培蘑菇绿霉病的防治效果,并与杀菌剂丙氯嗪进行了比较。在商业蘑菇种植设施中,对侵染木霉的双孢蘑菇进行了生物杀菌剂防治效果和产量影响评价。对生物杀菌剂的微生物功效进行了两种不同的试验,包括三剂或两剂分离剂量。杀菌剂丙氯嗪防霉效果最高(71.43%),其次是生物杀菌剂分次施用(53.57%),最后是分次施用(45.46%)。与未经处理的对照和杀菌剂丙氯嗪相比,生物杀菌剂显著提高了产量。枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13菌株的三次分离施用比两次分离施用能更大程度地提高蘑菇产量,尽管两种方法的最终用量相同。生物杀菌剂分三次施用,收获蘑菇的总质量比未施用的对照增加8.41%,比杀菌剂丙氯嗪增加10.53%。这些结果表明,杀菌剂应分三次施用:30 ml(套管后第2天)+ 15 ml(套管后2周)+ 15 ml(套管后第一次冲洗后20-25天)。生物杀菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌Ch-13在促进蘑菇产量和抑制侵袭性支原体传播方面均表现出显著的特点,应进一步研究其与化学杀菌剂在不同施用过程中的联合使用。
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A large-scale study on the effectiveness of a Bacillus subtilis Ch-13-based biofungicide against green mould disease and mushroom yield improvement
The aim of this study was to test a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and its effectiveness in the control of green mould disease of cultivated mushroom in comparison with the fungicide prochloraz. Biofungicide effectiveness in disease control and impact on yield were evaluated on Agaricus bisporus after its natural infection with Trichoderma aggressivum in a commercial mushroom growing facility. An assay for testing the microbial efficacy of the biofungicide was conducted in two different procedures involving either three or two split doses. The highest statistically significant effectiveness in green mould control was shown by the fungicide prochloraz (71.43%), followed by the biofungicide applied in tree split doses (53.57%), and finally its two doses (45.46%). The biofungicide significantly improved yield in comparison with an untreated control and the fungicide prochloraz. Three split applications of B. subtilis strain Ch-13 enhanced mushroom yield to a larger extent than its two split doses, although the same final amount was used in both procedures. Biofungicide application in three split doses increased the total mass of harvested mushrooms 8.41% compared to the untreated control, and 10.53% compared to the fungicide prochloraz. These results implied that the biofungicide should be applied in three split applications: 30 ml (second day after casing) + 15 ml (two weeks after casing) + 15 ml (after first flush, 20-25 days after casing). The biofungicide B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its joint usage with chemical fungicides in different application procedures, as it showed remarkable characteristics both in terms of promoting mushroom yield and inhibiting the spread of mycopathogenic T. aggressivum.
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