Design parameters of dental implants: A review

An ideal dental implant is a design that maximizes the anchorage strength of implants in human jawbones and minimizes peak stress values in bone-implant interfaces under given standard loads. The stress concentration at the bone-implant contact is controlled by implant design, which determines the bone biological response. Implant design has improved as a result of marketing demands. The modification of shape, size, material, and surface topography of primary designs has been the focus of dental implant design in response to marketing needs. Since the integration of bone-implant has been highlighted in dentistry investigations, improving implant design depends on the prediction of mechanical reactions and remodeling response of bony tissues around implants. There are four types of implants design including Screws, cylinders, Conical cylinders, and Blades type implants. The major difference between these designs is in implant primary stability. With the development of computational technologies, researchers can predict long term oral bone remodeling around implants by use of the finite element method. This review considers the design parameters of dental implants in which affect stress, strain in bone-implant interfaces, and bone remodeling around the implant.