现阶段麻疹、风疹流行过程的表现

A. Pozdnyakov, O. P. Chernyavskaya
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引用次数: 7

摘要

的相关性。人类已经知道麻疹和风疹几个世纪了。这两种感染有许多相似之处。然而,尽管有所有的相似之处和单一的消除方案,但不可能通过这些感染的发生率达到相同的结果。的目标。找出现阶段麻疹和风疹流行过程中表现的共同特征和差异,并对其解释提出假设。材料和方法。发病率采用回顾性流行病学分析方法:评价各指标与学生测试差异的统计学意义。为了比较麻疹和风疹发病率的下降率,使用了最小二乘法的指数近似。结果:在接种疫苗前,麻疹的发病率是风疹的4.6倍。对于这一时期的重大感染,其特点是明显的周期性发病率,而麻疹周期性上升之间的间隔较短,周期幅度较高。随着人口接种疫苗,这些感染的发病率下降,而风疹发病率的下降速度高于麻疹。此外,风疹发病率的快速下降和周期的平滑,向年龄较大的年龄组过渡,较年轻年龄组的发病率逐渐消失,证实风疹的接触次数比麻疹少。结论:目前的人群免疫水平足以在相对较短的时间内消除风疹。对于传染性和联系方式更大、对人群免疫要求更高的麻疹来说,这一水平是不够的。因此,风疹在免疫方面比麻疹表现出更好的“可管理性”。
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Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Measles and Rubella at the Present Stage
Relevance.Measles and rubella have been known to humanity for centuries. These two infections have a number of similarities. However, despite all the similarities and a single elimination program, it is not possible to achieve the same results by the level of the incidence of these infections. Goal. Identify common features and differences in the manifestations of the epidemic process of measles and rubella at the present stage and formulate a hypothesis on their explanation.Materials and methods. Methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis of morbidity were used: Evaluation of the statistical significance of the differences in indicators with the Student’s test. To compare the rate of decrease in the incidence of measles and rubella their exponential approximations using the method of least squares were used. To process the research data, the Microsoft Excel program was used.Results.In the pre-vaccination period, the incidence of measles was 4.6 times higher than rubella. For major infections in this period characterized by a pronounced cyclic morbidity, while the intervals between cyclical rises for measles are shorter, and the amplitude of cycles is higher. As the population was vaccinated, the incidence of these infections decreased, while the rate of decline in the incidence of rubella was higher than that of measles. Also, a faster decrease in morbidity and smoothing of the cyclicity, a transition to older age groups, a gradual exit from the incidence of younger age groups confirm that the rubella has a contact number less then measles.Conclusion.The current level of population immunity is sufficient to eliminate rubella in a relatively short time. For measles, which has greater contagiousness and a contact number, and is more demanding for population immunity, this level is not enough. As a consequence, rubella shows better «manageability» in immunization than measles.
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来源期刊
Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika
Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
58
审稿时长
8 weeks
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