Characteristics in early diagnosis of ovarian masses

Aim: to identify clinical and anamnestic risk factors for ovarian masses (OM), as well as to clarify the significance of various diagnostic criteria in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC). Patients and Methods: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases of patients with OM was conducted. The following groups were formed: the main group (50 patients with OM) and the control group — practically healthy female subjects (32 patients). Retrospectively, depending on the results concerning histology of the removed surgical material, the main group was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1 — 37 patients with benign OM, subgroup 2 — 13 patients with borderline and malignant OM. The patterns of the anamnesis, the level of the Ca-125 tumor marker, the values of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), and the tumor histology structure were assessed. Results: during the study, it was found that in patients with OM, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), urinary system (24%), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), as well as menstrual disorders of various types and uterine fibroids (p<0.05) are more common. The incidence of gynecologic cancer in the family history is also significantly higher in patients with OM vs. the control group (36% and 3%, respectively, p<0.05). Elevated Ca-125 values were noted both in the group with benign ovarian masses and in the group with borderline and malignant ovarian tumors.it has been established that the main risk factors for the OC development are diseases of GIT (Odds Ratio (OR) 2,09) and urinary system (OR 1,53), genetic predisposition to cancer of the reproductive organs (OR 1,86), menstrual disorder (OR 1,86), uterine fibroids (OR 1,74) and a history of PID (OR 1,83). Conclusion: despite a large number of studies devoted to the problem of OC early diagnosis, there is still no reliable criterion with high sensitivity and specificity. Female patients with postmenopause and adverse ultrasound criteria should have high oncological alarm of doctors, even with low values of the Ca-125 oncological marker. KEYWORDS: ovarian tumors, neoplasms, ovarian cancer, risk factors, Ca-125, malignancy index RMI. FOR CITATION: Smirnova A.V., Malyshkina A.I., Khrushkova E.P. Characteristics in early diagnosis of ovarian masses. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):105–111 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-105-111.