Probiotics and anti-infective resistance: modern concepts and new therapeutic possibilities

In recent years, pediatricians and epidemiologists have noted the emergence of some unfavorable trends in the child population health, namely: an increase in the number of allergic pathologies, autoimmune diseases, obesity, chronic nonspecific bowel diseases. Among the risk factors, changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota occupy one of the first places. This review discusses numerous mechanisms to explain how gut bacteria can be interconnected with immunity or the development of concomitant diseases. The article describes in detail various strategies used to manage the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The role of probiotic strains and their influence on various parts of the immune response are also described. Besides, the article presents the study data concerning the influence of probiotic drugs on the provision of immunological resistance in the human body. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the host and the microbiota and their regulation will allow us to determine individual therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of many diseases. The benefits of two strains — Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 — which have a comprehensive effect on the intestinal microbiota and having well-expressed immunomodulatory properties are discussed. KEYWORDS: microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, innate immunity, commensals, probiotics, lactobacilli, vitamins. FOR CITATION: Kanner E.V., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kanner I.D., Farber I.M. Probiotics and anti-infective resistance: modern concepts and new therapeutic possibilities. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):184–191 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2023-6-2-184-191.