{"title":"身体健康与健康行为","authors":"N. Adler, C. Bachrach, A. Prather","doi":"10.3233/JEM-150395","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the potential contributions of a new longitudinal household survey that assesses physical health and the social and behavioral factors that impinge on it. It considers how such a survey could inform efforts to reduce health disparities in the United States and improve population health. Health is multiply determined by the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, behavior, social conditions and environmental exposures over the life course. While the mapping of the human genome focused attention on the biological underpinnings of disease, social and behavioral determinants play an equally essential role. Our failure as a nation to adequately address these determinants may help to explain why the US spends more per capita on health care than do other countries, but compared to the other nations, our population is less healthy and has a shorter life expectancy. This paper describes why achieving better health for the population requires data on individual, family and community conditions and their link to disease risk, onset and progression. It reviews limitations of current surveys in capturing this information and argues for a multi-level life course perspective spanning: macro-environmental exposures (e.g., environmental contaminants, institutional structures), meso-environmental factors (e.g., family and social ties, neighborhood and work conditions), psychological states and traits (e.g., anxiety, mastery, stress), health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise), and physiological processes and risk (e.g., cortisol, HbA1c, telomeres). We consider challenges to data collection and sample considerations such as oversampling of high SES blacks and sampling based on place as well as person. We note that technological advances that may increasingly enable direct collection of cognitive and emotional states, behavior, biology, and placement in space. Finally, we acknowledge that a single survey cannot address all the relevant questions, point to opportunities to leverage other studies, and identify key elements for a new survey.","PeriodicalId":53705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic and Social Measurement","volume":"40 1","pages":"357-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JEM-150395","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Physical health and health behavior\",\"authors\":\"N. Adler, C. Bachrach, A. Prather\",\"doi\":\"10.3233/JEM-150395\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This paper examines the potential contributions of a new longitudinal household survey that assesses physical health and the social and behavioral factors that impinge on it. It considers how such a survey could inform efforts to reduce health disparities in the United States and improve population health. Health is multiply determined by the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, behavior, social conditions and environmental exposures over the life course. While the mapping of the human genome focused attention on the biological underpinnings of disease, social and behavioral determinants play an equally essential role. Our failure as a nation to adequately address these determinants may help to explain why the US spends more per capita on health care than do other countries, but compared to the other nations, our population is less healthy and has a shorter life expectancy. This paper describes why achieving better health for the population requires data on individual, family and community conditions and their link to disease risk, onset and progression. It reviews limitations of current surveys in capturing this information and argues for a multi-level life course perspective spanning: macro-environmental exposures (e.g., environmental contaminants, institutional structures), meso-environmental factors (e.g., family and social ties, neighborhood and work conditions), psychological states and traits (e.g., anxiety, mastery, stress), health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise), and physiological processes and risk (e.g., cortisol, HbA1c, telomeres). We consider challenges to data collection and sample considerations such as oversampling of high SES blacks and sampling based on place as well as person. We note that technological advances that may increasingly enable direct collection of cognitive and emotional states, behavior, biology, and placement in space. Finally, we acknowledge that a single survey cannot address all the relevant questions, point to opportunities to leverage other studies, and identify key elements for a new survey.\",\"PeriodicalId\":53705,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Economic and Social Measurement\",\"volume\":\"40 1\",\"pages\":\"357-374\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2015-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/JEM-150395\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Economic and Social Measurement\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEM-150395\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Social Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Economic and Social Measurement","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEM-150395","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the potential contributions of a new longitudinal household survey that assesses physical health and the social and behavioral factors that impinge on it. It considers how such a survey could inform efforts to reduce health disparities in the United States and improve population health. Health is multiply determined by the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, behavior, social conditions and environmental exposures over the life course. While the mapping of the human genome focused attention on the biological underpinnings of disease, social and behavioral determinants play an equally essential role. Our failure as a nation to adequately address these determinants may help to explain why the US spends more per capita on health care than do other countries, but compared to the other nations, our population is less healthy and has a shorter life expectancy. This paper describes why achieving better health for the population requires data on individual, family and community conditions and their link to disease risk, onset and progression. It reviews limitations of current surveys in capturing this information and argues for a multi-level life course perspective spanning: macro-environmental exposures (e.g., environmental contaminants, institutional structures), meso-environmental factors (e.g., family and social ties, neighborhood and work conditions), psychological states and traits (e.g., anxiety, mastery, stress), health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise), and physiological processes and risk (e.g., cortisol, HbA1c, telomeres). We consider challenges to data collection and sample considerations such as oversampling of high SES blacks and sampling based on place as well as person. We note that technological advances that may increasingly enable direct collection of cognitive and emotional states, behavior, biology, and placement in space. Finally, we acknowledge that a single survey cannot address all the relevant questions, point to opportunities to leverage other studies, and identify key elements for a new survey.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Economic and Social Measurement (JESM) is a quarterly journal that is concerned with the investigation of all aspects of production, distribution and use of economic and other societal statistical data, and with the use of computers in that context. JESM publishes articles that consider the statistical methodology of economic and social science measurements. It is concerned with the methods and problems of data distribution, including the design and implementation of data base systems and, more generally, computer software and hardware for distributing and accessing statistical data files. Its focus on computer software also includes the valuation of algorithms and their implementation, assessing the degree to which particular algorithms may yield more or less accurate computed results. It addresses the technical and even legal problems of the collection and use of data, legislation and administrative actions affecting government produced or distributed data files, and similar topics. The journal serves as a forum for the exchange of information and views between data producers and users. In addition, it considers the various uses to which statistical data may be put, particularly to the degree that these uses illustrate or affect the properties of the data. The data considered in JESM are usually economic or social, as mentioned, but this is not a requirement; the editorial policies of JESM do not place a priori restrictions upon the data that might be considered within individual articles. Furthermore, there are no limitations concerning the source of the data.