Neonatal Nephromegaly Due to Homozygous Variant in the DIS3L2 Gene is Consistent with the Genetic Diagnosis of Perlman Syndrome

Background: Perlman syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder grouped with overgrowth syndrome in which an abnormal increase in the size of the body or a body part of the infant often noticed at birth. The disorder, usually affects the kidneys as main findings. Perlman syndrome inherited as an autosomal recessive pattern. People with this condition are generally born with renal abnormalities also called renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis also been grouped with Renal cell carcinoma. The characteristic features include polyhydramnios, fetal overgrowth, including macrocephaly, neonatal macrosomia, visceromegaly mainly hepatomegaly and nephromegaly, dysmorphic facial features, and an increased risk for Wilms’ tumor at an early age. The prognosis of Perlman syndrome is poor with high morbidity and mortality rate. Material and Methods: We report 3 months old female infant from Saudi origin product of consanguineous marriage with prenatal sonographic signs suggestive of Perlman Syndrome specifically polyhydramnios, bilateral nephromegaly with fetal ascites. The clinical course was marked by neonatal respiratory distress, cyanosis and refractory hypoxemia with chylothorax required mechanical ventilation. Frequent hospitalization since that due to frequent attacks of apnea and chest infections. Discussion and Conclusion: The constellation of clinical presentation and radiological finding confirmed by Molecular investigations showed a homozygous variant c.1810C>T p.(Gln604*) in the DIS3L2 gene (OMIM : 614184 ) which is consistent with Autosomal Recessive Perlman syndrome.