IoT-BASED AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY MONITORING SYSTEM

Background: Agriculture is a vital part of the economy that feeds a part of the world expanding population. However, the sector faces several difficulties, including water constraints, soil degradation, and climate change. The demand for increased security and safety in agricultural activities worsens these problems. This paper suggests an IoT-based agriculture environment and security monitoring system address these issues. Aims: The main objective of this work is to develop an intelligent monitoring and automated irrigation system that minimizes water use based on individual conditions and enables real-time environmental Methods: The Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller based on Microchip ATmega328P is used to gather environmental data such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture levels. The Arduino board is integrated with a relay and RTC module to water plants at precise times. It also has a passive infrared sensor to detect intruders. ESP32 camera is also used to record the current condition of the agricultural ground automatically. A sample of reading in an interval of 1 hour is recorded. This method involves wirelessly transmitting the data to cloud-based platforms. Results: The value of the sensor at the start of a wet condition is 0. When this occurs, the motor pump turns off, and the measured value is communicated to the microcontroller through NodeMCU. The motor pump automatically turns ON and OFF when plants receive enough amount of water. Discussion: It has been observed the water pump starts as soon as the temperature threshold of 19.5 °C is achieved. It has been observed that as humidity increases, it is unnecessary to water the plants as the plants take up water vapor from the surface of the leaves under humid conditions. Conclusions: This research offers a convenient prototype model that can simultaneously measure temperature, moisture, and humidity, identify intrusion, and remotely monitor it over the internet. It was concluded that with the decrease in moisture of the soil, the plants need to be watered.