Postnatal outcomes following prenatal diagnosis of placental mosaicism: Case reports from literature

T he purpose was to study the bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral pain (VP) and physical performance indices (PPI) in women of older age groups with vertebral fractures (VF) depending on their localization. Materials & Methods: 139 women aged 50-89 years old were examined and divided into 2 groups: I – patients without any history of osteoporotic fractures (WF), II – women with VF at the thoracic and/or lumbar spine. Subsequently, patients of the second group were divided into subgroups depending on the localization of VF (at thoracic (TF), lumbar spine (LF) or combined fractures (CF)). The assessment of the severity of VP was performed using a 11-component numerical rating scale, the physical capabilities - using static and dynamic functional tests (Thomayer, Schober tests, chest excursion, lateral trunk lean, 3-, 4-, 15-meter tests, "stand up from the chair" etc.), BMD was detected using DXA. Findings: It was found that BMD indices in women with VF were significantly lower than controls (without any previous fractures) regardless of their localization. Most of the VP indices at thoracic spine in women with TF and CF were significantly higher compared to controls, in contrast to patients with LF. It was shown that for women with TF results of breath holding and 15-meter tests were significantly worse compared with control, whereas in persons with LF results of Schober index, lateral trunk lean, hand grip strength and test "stand up from the chair" were worse. In patients with CF most of PPI