Comparison Between Intraoperative Target Area Cement-Enhanced Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Conventional Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Non-Total Vertebral Fractures.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and feasibility of target area cement-enhanced percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and conventional PVP in osteoporotic thoracolumbar non-total vertebral fractures.

Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of one hundred and two patients treated in our hospital from March 2020 to May 2021 and divided into groups A (targeted) and B (conventional PVP). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), anterior vertebral height ratio, intraoperative bleeding, operative time, bone cement volume, complications, and refracture of the injured vertebra were evaluated in both groups.

Results: The 2 days and 1-year post-operative VAS and ODI scores improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). The 2 days post-operative VAS and ODI scores were better in group A (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the scores between the groups at the last follow-up (p > 0.05). The anterior vertebral height ratios were significantly higher in both groups 2 days postoperatively (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the 2 days and 1-year post-operative ratios in group A (p > 0.05). The anterior vertebral height ratio reduced in group B after 1 year compared to the 2 days post-operative value (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraoperative bleeding and the operative time between the groups (p > 0.05), and the bone cement volume was lesser in group A (p < 0.05). Six patients in group A and four patients in group B demonstrated cement leakage, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Three patients in group A and 11 patients in group B demonstrated refracture, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Target area cement-enhanced PVP can effectively relieve short-term pain and functional disability and reduce the long-term possibility of secondary collapse. Therefore, it is a technically feasible and efficacious method for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar non-total vertebral fractures.