Evaluation of Biological Activities of Chamaeleo chamaeleon : A Reptile Used in Traditional Folk Medicine in Algeria

In the El-Oued region of the Algerian desert, tonsillitis, the most serious of infections, is cured with the common chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon . Our study's main objective was to demonstrate its importance through aspirational science, in which we evaluated the aqueous extract of dry C.Chamaeleon powder's hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. After preparing dry, C.Chamaeleon powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope to detect metals. The aqueous extract was then analyzed with an infrared analyzer to determine the functional groups following extraction. We also examined the extract's capacity to induce hemolysis, its antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains, and its anti-inflammatory activity using the egg albumin denaturation method. The findings of the hemolysis assay showed low percentages at high doses until the ratio reaches 20.7% at 1 mg/ml, compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate, which showed very high rates of hemolysis in the presence of low concentrations up to 90% at 0.25 mg/ml, indicating that the extract is non-toxic to red blood cells. The anti-inflammatory activity test yielded good results and revealed ratios of 12.82%, 22.07%, and 38.2% for the extract at doses of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/ml, respectively. And we also found that the extract was anti-all the bacterial strains studied at a dose of 100 mg/ml. According to the results of our study, C.Chamaeleon aqueous extract has significant medical value in treating infectious and inflammatory illnesses since it contains several minerals, peptides, and vitamins.