气候科学家该怎么做

E. Keller
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引用次数: 7

摘要

这场质疑人为全球变暖预测的运动——最初是由显而易见的既得利益组织起来的——现在已经招募了一大批自称为“怀疑论者”的民众,他们越来越倾向于“表明立场”:他们中的一些人普遍反对政府监管,一些人抵制任何知识权威(也许尤其是科学权威)的主张,还有一些人被一种个人言论自由的权利所动员。结果,人们对科学家专业知识的信心达到了历史最低点:互联网网站、广播谈话节目和电视频道优先传播对气候科学家可信度的“反向”攻击。即使是我们最负责任的报纸和期刊,在他们对传统“平衡”伦理的承诺中,有时也会造成一种普遍的错误印象,即气候科学家在我们面临的危险程度和人类活动与全球变暖的相关性方面存在严重分歧。不知道该相信谁或相信什么,大多数人的自然反应是什么都不做,结果,正如托马斯·荷马-迪克森去年在《纽约时报》上所写的那样:“气候政策陷入僵局,几乎没有突破的机会”(2010)。与此同时,随着人类对全球变暖的影响以及这种变暖的危险性的证据不断增加,气候科学家之间的共识变得越来越强烈,而我们这些关注这些证据的人也越来越感到震惊。
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What Are Climate Scientists to Do
The campaign to discredit predictions of man-made global warming—originally organized by readily identifiable vested interests—has by now recruited a large popular constituency of declared “skeptics” increasingly disposed to “take a stand”: some of them opposed to government regulation in general, some resistant to any claims to intellectual authority (perhaps especially scientific), and some mobilized by a version of the right to individual freedom of opinion. As a result, confidence in the expertise of scientists has reached an all time low: Internet sites, radio talk shows, and television channels preferentially transmit “contrarian” attacks on the credibility of climate scientists. Even our most responsible newspapers and journals, in their very commitment to the traditional ethic of “balance,” sometimes contribute to the widespread misimpression that climate scientists are deeply divided about both the extent of the dangers we face and the relevance of human activity to global warming. Not knowing who or what to believe, the natural response for most people is to do nothing, and the consequence, as Thomas Homer-Dixon wrote last year for the New York Times: “Climate policy is gridlocked, and there’s virtually no chance of a breakthrough” (2010). Meanwhile, as evidence both of the role of human contributions to global warming and the dangers of that warming continues to mount, consensus among climate scientists grows ever stronger, and those of us who attend to that evidence are increasingly alarmed.
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