全球金融治理视角下的金砖银行研究 / A Study of the BRICS Bank from the Perspective of Global Financial Governance

彭博  【摘要】全球金融治理体系的变迁，是一部西方发达国家在战后国际政治经济体系中由盛转向相对衰落的历史。战后由美国主导建立起来的国际货币基金组织和世界银行，在全球金融治理领域一直占据着绝对的统治地位。然而，随着2008年全球金融危机的爆发，上述两个机构逐渐暴露其诸多弊端，例如代表性不足，不能对危机做出及时、妥善的反应与处理等，其合法性也日益遭受质疑和挑战。正是在以新兴国家为代表的广大发展中国家的强烈呼吁下，全球金融治理体系历经了几轮改革，但结果依旧不尽如人意。为此，创建一个新的、对原有机制起到补充作用的金融治理机制显得尤为迫切。金砖银行的成立，正是适应了这一历史发展潮流，其对全球金融治理体系的意义主要体现在：使全球金融治理主体更加多元化、能够更好地代表发展中国家的利益、提高以金砖国家为代表的新兴经济体在国际政治经济秩序中的作用和地位。当然，金砖银行同样面临着诸如缺乏领导核心、货币不统一等局限和挑战。 The transition of the global financial governance system is a history of the rise and fall of the Western advanced countries in the post-war international political and economic system. Since the end of the Second World War, the International Monetary Foundation and the World Bank have always taken the dominant role in the field of global financial governance. However, after the beginning of the global financial crisis in 2008, many drawbacks have become apparent concerning these two significant institutions, such as the lack of representatives, the slow and ineffective response to the crisis, etc. Following a strong appeal from the developing countries (with the emerging powers as their representatives), the global financial governance system has experienced several rounds of reforms which have yet to yield acceptable results. Therefore, it is highly necessary to create a new institution which can play a complementary role in the existing financial governance system rather than overthrow it. Complying with the tide of history, the official establishment of the BRICS Bank can be of great significance to the reform of current global financial governance systems such as diversifying the global financial governance bodies, representing the interests of developing countries in a better way, enhancing the status and improving the importance of emerging economies in the international political and economic order. Admittedly, the BRICS Bank also faces great challenges and limits such as the lack of a core leadership and the absence of a unified currency, etc.