化学工业的反思研究:奥贝维利埃研究中心的组织历史(1953-2020)

Q1 Arts and Humanities Studia Historiae Scientiarum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.4467/2543702xshs.22.020.15986
Marcin Krasnodębski
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引用次数: 1

摘要

索尔维的奥贝维利埃研究中心(CRA)是法国最古老的活跃的工业化学私营研究中心之一。在其存在的70年里,它与一些最重要的法国和欧洲化学公司合作。该中心成立于1953年,其围绕大型学科实验室的研发组织证明了自己非常有弹性。该中心的研究机构的演变不仅反映了某一特定时刻所属公司的研发政策,而且遵循着自己独特的道路。在任何特定时刻,研究的重点总是在公司董事自上而下的要求和自下而上的主题轨迹之间相遇。CRA的组织历史为我们提供了对20世纪下半叶化学研究更广泛趋势的独特见解,例如实验室专业化,引入市场驱动的研究以及分权和层次结构的倍增。由于私人研究中心的历史在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究,该案例研究可能会引起科学史家的兴趣,也会引起科学政策学者的兴趣,他们希望了解影响机构研发结构组织的因素之间的相互联系。
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Rethinking Research in the Chemical Industry: Organizational History of Centre de Recherches d’Aubervilliers (1953‒2020)
Solvay’s Centre de Recherches d’Aubervilliers (CRA) is one of the oldest active private-sector research centers in industrial chemistry in France. During the seventy years of its existence it collaborated with some of the most significant French and European chemical companies. Established in 1953, the center’s research and development organization around huge discipline-oriented laboratories proved itself remarkably resilient. Not merely reflecting the R&D policy of the company that owned it at a given moment, the evolution of the center’s research organization followed its own particular path. The research priorities in any given moment were always a place of encounter between top-down requirements of the company’s directorship, and bottom-up thematic trajectories. The CRA’s organizational history gives us unique insights into broader tendencies in chemical research in the second half of the 20th century, such as specialization of laboratories, introduction of market-driven research as well as decentralization and multiplication of hierarchies. The case study can be of interest to historians of science, due to the fact that the history of private research centers remains largely understudied, and to science policy scholars who want to understand the interconnectedness of factors that influence the organization of R&D structures in an institution.
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来源期刊
Studia Historiae Scientiarum
Studia Historiae Scientiarum Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
36 weeks
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