潘诺尼亚平原近90年来冬小麦产量和主要农艺性状的遗传增益

Tanja Dražič, B. Jocković, V. Momčilović, Vladimir Aćin, S. Mikić, M. Mirosavljević
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在量化近90年来我国冬小麦品种籽粒产量和主要农艺性状的变化。以1930 ~ 2016年注册的18个冬小麦品种为研究对象,在里米斯基šančevi试验田进行了两个生长季节的田间试验。测定了籽粒产量、茎高、穗长、抽穗期、百升质量、千粒重、单位面积粒数等农艺性状。本研究结果表明,所研究性状存在显著的基因型效应。在过去的90年里,粮食产量以每年50公斤公顷的速度增加。籽粒产量提高后,现代品种茎高下降(每年0.4 cm),抽穗期提前,比老品种提前7 ~ 8天。近90年来,现代小麦品种单位面积粒数显著高于老品种,而千粒重与品种发布年份的关系不显著。进一步提高粮食产量应与进一步增加单位面积粒数和保持较高的千粒重有关。
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Genetic gain in grain yield and main agronomic traits of winter wheat during the past 90 years in Pannonian plain
This study aimed to quantify the changes in grain yield and main agronomic traits in winter wheat cultivars registered during the past 90 years . A field trial with 18 winter wheat cultivars registered from 1930 to 2016 was conducted at the experimental field Rimiski šančevi during two growing seasons . The following agronomic traits were measured: grain yield, stem height, spike length, heading date, hectolitre mass, 1000 grain weight, and grain number per unit area . The results of this study showed that there was a significant genotypic effect on the studied traits . Du-ring the past 90 years, grain yield increased at rate of 50 kg ha -1 per year of cultivar release . Grain yield improvement was followed by stem height decrease (0 .4 cm per year of cultivar release) and earlier heading date in modern cultivars, which were 7 -8 days earlier than the older ones . Modern wheat cultivars were characterized by a higher grain number per unit area than the ol-der ones while during the past 90 years, the 1000 grain weight was not significantly related to the year of cultivar release . Further grain yield improvement should be related to a further increase of grain number per unit area while maintaining a higher 1000 grain weight.
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审稿时长
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