Brunner’s gland cyst: rare differential diagnosis of dyspeptic symptoms

A 60-year-old woman was under investigation of dyspeptic symptoms. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a cystic subepithelial lesion in the second portion of the duodenum, measuring 8 mm in its longest diameter. The biopsy showed dilated Brunner’s gland lobular ducts with scattered stromal elements, what characterized a Brunner’s gland cyst. Brunner’s gland cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), malabsorption syndrome, anemia, among others. The correct nomenclature is important to facilitate research for articles specifically related to each duodenal cystic lesions and better understanding of these diseases, as some may have malignant potential.