{"title":"司法神经心理学:在司法系统中的作用与意义","authors":"Ivana Leposavić, J. Veljković","doi":"10.5937/crimen2101053l","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Forensic neuropsychology derived from clinical neuropsychology. This area not only relies on neuropsychological approach and practice and principals of brain structure and functions, but also on the contribution of diagnostic methods of brain visualization (neuroimaging). In the last decade, large number of books that deal with this topic has been published, mostly by American authors, just as a Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology dedicated to this field has started issuing. There are more and more demands in the world from judges and lawyers that neuropsychologists should provide services of quantifying and evaluating the severeness of cognitive deficits of respondents. In most cases, it is being asked of neuropsychologist to provide expertise based on clinical observation and results of neuropsychological examinations about the connection of individual cognitive functioning and behavior and special brain localization, as well as to provide the evaluation of the level of cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, official educational and training program in this field doesn't exist in Serbia, so a specific licence is not required. Also, there is a lack of professional organization that would gather forensic neuropsychologists. Practitioners that firstly obtained the status of graduated psychologists and then were educated in the field of clinical neuropsychology are the ones who deal with this area. In our country the role of forensic neuropsychologist is still not recognised enough, just as the possible significance these experts might have in judicial processes isn't. Topics that are being most focused on in the scope of forensic neuropsychology are ethical questions, the evaluation of validity of symptoms with special emphasis on evaluating effort that is being put on examination and the precense of potential malingering, There are significant differences between clinical and forensic neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology determines the presence of impairment in cognitive functioning, while the main goal of forensic neuropsychology is to provide answers to the legal questions. That key difference between goals leads to different presumptions, roles, alliances and methods. The results of clinical and forensic examinations are demanded and used by different scientists. Clincal evaluation is mostly demanded by experts who deal with treating and rehabilitating people with neuropsychological impairments or brain injuries, while forensic evaluation is being demanded and used by legal institutions. Efficient use of neuropsychological principles as an answer on forensic questions requires clinical skills, critical thinking and close connection to the scientific principles. With double focus on clinical psychology and neurology, neuropsychologists can contribute to the legal system not only by their understanding of neuroanathomy and neuropathology, but also with their capability to objectively document how neuropathological conditions affect thinking, memory and decision making process, which is, by far, the most important.","PeriodicalId":33895,"journal":{"name":"Crimen Beograd","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Forensic neuropsychology: Role and significance in judicial system\",\"authors\":\"Ivana Leposavić, J. 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In most cases, it is being asked of neuropsychologist to provide expertise based on clinical observation and results of neuropsychological examinations about the connection of individual cognitive functioning and behavior and special brain localization, as well as to provide the evaluation of the level of cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, official educational and training program in this field doesn't exist in Serbia, so a specific licence is not required. Also, there is a lack of professional organization that would gather forensic neuropsychologists. Practitioners that firstly obtained the status of graduated psychologists and then were educated in the field of clinical neuropsychology are the ones who deal with this area. In our country the role of forensic neuropsychologist is still not recognised enough, just as the possible significance these experts might have in judicial processes isn't. Topics that are being most focused on in the scope of forensic neuropsychology are ethical questions, the evaluation of validity of symptoms with special emphasis on evaluating effort that is being put on examination and the precense of potential malingering, There are significant differences between clinical and forensic neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology determines the presence of impairment in cognitive functioning, while the main goal of forensic neuropsychology is to provide answers to the legal questions. That key difference between goals leads to different presumptions, roles, alliances and methods. The results of clinical and forensic examinations are demanded and used by different scientists. Clincal evaluation is mostly demanded by experts who deal with treating and rehabilitating people with neuropsychological impairments or brain injuries, while forensic evaluation is being demanded and used by legal institutions. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
法医神经心理学源于临床神经心理学。该领域不仅依赖于神经心理学的方法和实践以及大脑结构和功能的原理,而且还依赖于脑可视化(神经成像)诊断方法的贡献。在过去的十年里,已经出版了大量关于这个主题的书籍,主要是由美国作者出版的,就像专门研究这个领域的《法医神经心理学杂志》(Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology)开始发行一样。国际上越来越多的法官和律师要求神经心理学家提供量化和评估被调查者认知缺陷严重程度的服务。在大多数情况下,神经心理学家被要求提供基于临床观察和神经心理学检查结果的专业知识,以了解个体认知功能与行为的联系以及大脑的特殊定位,并提供认知障碍水平的评估。不幸的是,塞尔维亚没有这方面的官方教育和培训计划,因此不需要特定的许可证。此外,也缺乏专业组织来召集法医神经心理学家。首先获得心理学家学位,然后在临床神经心理学领域接受教育的从业人员是处理这一领域的人。在我国,法医神经心理学家的作用仍然没有得到足够的认可,就像这些专家在司法程序中可能具有的意义一样。在法医神经心理学的范围内,最受关注的主题是伦理问题,对症状有效性的评估,特别强调评估正在进行的检查和潜在的装病的借口,临床和法医神经心理学之间存在显著差异。临床神经心理学确定认知功能障碍的存在,而法医神经心理学的主要目标是为法律问题提供答案。目标之间的关键差异导致了不同的假设、角色、联盟和方法。不同的科学家需要和使用临床和法医检查的结果。临床评估主要是由处理神经心理障碍或脑损伤患者的治疗和康复的专家要求的,而法医评估则是由法律机构要求和使用的。有效地利用神经心理学原理作为法医问题的答案需要临床技能、批判性思维和与科学原理的密切联系。神经心理学家对临床心理学和神经学的双重关注,不仅可以通过他们对神经解剖学和神经病理学的理解,还可以通过他们客观记录神经病理状况如何影响思维、记忆和决策过程的能力,为法律体系做出贡献,这是迄今为止最重要的。
Forensic neuropsychology: Role and significance in judicial system
Forensic neuropsychology derived from clinical neuropsychology. This area not only relies on neuropsychological approach and practice and principals of brain structure and functions, but also on the contribution of diagnostic methods of brain visualization (neuroimaging). In the last decade, large number of books that deal with this topic has been published, mostly by American authors, just as a Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology dedicated to this field has started issuing. There are more and more demands in the world from judges and lawyers that neuropsychologists should provide services of quantifying and evaluating the severeness of cognitive deficits of respondents. In most cases, it is being asked of neuropsychologist to provide expertise based on clinical observation and results of neuropsychological examinations about the connection of individual cognitive functioning and behavior and special brain localization, as well as to provide the evaluation of the level of cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, official educational and training program in this field doesn't exist in Serbia, so a specific licence is not required. Also, there is a lack of professional organization that would gather forensic neuropsychologists. Practitioners that firstly obtained the status of graduated psychologists and then were educated in the field of clinical neuropsychology are the ones who deal with this area. In our country the role of forensic neuropsychologist is still not recognised enough, just as the possible significance these experts might have in judicial processes isn't. Topics that are being most focused on in the scope of forensic neuropsychology are ethical questions, the evaluation of validity of symptoms with special emphasis on evaluating effort that is being put on examination and the precense of potential malingering, There are significant differences between clinical and forensic neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology determines the presence of impairment in cognitive functioning, while the main goal of forensic neuropsychology is to provide answers to the legal questions. That key difference between goals leads to different presumptions, roles, alliances and methods. The results of clinical and forensic examinations are demanded and used by different scientists. Clincal evaluation is mostly demanded by experts who deal with treating and rehabilitating people with neuropsychological impairments or brain injuries, while forensic evaluation is being demanded and used by legal institutions. Efficient use of neuropsychological principles as an answer on forensic questions requires clinical skills, critical thinking and close connection to the scientific principles. With double focus on clinical psychology and neurology, neuropsychologists can contribute to the legal system not only by their understanding of neuroanathomy and neuropathology, but also with their capability to objectively document how neuropathological conditions affect thinking, memory and decision making process, which is, by far, the most important.