乌德穆尔特文化中的睡眠与梦境

Q2 Social Sciences Maetagused Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI:10.7592/mt2021.80.anisimov_toulouze
Nikolai Anisimov, Eva Toulouze
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在乌德穆尔特文化中,睡眠(iz 'on, kölon, um)和梦(vöt, uyvöt)占据了重要的地位。根据通常的理解,梦不受这个世界的时间和空间规则的约束:在梦中,地点和空间可能突然改变,时间移动得很快,或者根本不移动;它已经停止了。睡眠和梦并没有被完全解释清楚,因此,它们在生命世界和神灵世界之间的交流中起着重要的作用。睡觉时必须遵守的规则证实了它们的重要性。梦变成了一个神圣的空间,在那里你可以获得神圣的知识和技能。我们所熟悉的故事告诉我们,在睡眠中,一个人的灵魂,叫做urt,可以飞走。也许这就是为什么禁止突然唤醒一个正在睡觉的人的原因:他们可能根本醒不过来,甚至可能失去理智。早些时候,乌德穆尔特甚至组织了特殊的仪式来捕捉第二个灵魂。在乌德穆尔特文化中,睡眠和梦构成了一个非真实的空间,在这个空间里,生者和死者能够相遇和交流。在不同的情况下,梦想的发起者既可以是活人,也可以是死人。通过梦,死者能够将他们的愿望、他们对即将发生的事件或意外的了解传递给生者;他们可能会抱怨某些情况等等。今天,乌德穆尔特人关注所有的梦想;他们在他们身上看到了与现实世界相连的迹象,这些迹象来自上面,为了不扰乱世界之间的平衡,他们必须加以考虑。
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Uni ja unenäod udmurdi kultuuris
In Udmurt culture sleep (iz’on, kölon, um) as well as dreams (vöt, uyvöt) have occupied a significant place. According to ordinary understandings, dreams are not subjected to this world’s rules of time and space: in a dream, places and spaces may suddenly change, and time moves quickly, or it does not move at all; it has stopped. Sleep and dreams are not thoroughly explained phenomena, and as such, they play a significant role in the communication between the world of the living and the world of the deities (spirits). Their importance is confirmed by the rules one has to follow when going to bed. The dream becomes a sacred space, in which it is possible to acquire sacred knowledge and skills. The narratives we are acquainted with tell us that during sleep one of the person’s souls, called urt, can fly away. Probably this is the reason why it is forbidden to suddenly awake a person sleeping: they may not wake up at all or may even lose their reason. Earlier the Udmurt even organised special rituals to catch the second soul. In the Udmurt culture, sleep and dreams constitute a non-real space, in which the living and the dead are able to meet and communicate. The initiators of the dreams can be both the living and the dead, in different situations. Through dreams, the dead are able to transmit to the living their wishes, their knowledge about events or accidents to come; they may complain about certain circumstances, etc. Today, the Udmurt are attentive to all dreams; they see in them signs connected to the real world and given from above, and they must be considered in order not to disturb the balance between the worlds.
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来源期刊
Maetagused
Maetagused Social Sciences-Cultural Studies
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: It is the only journal publishing original research on folkloristics, ethnomusicology, cultural anthropology, and religious studies in Estonian, with summaries in English. The journal has an important role in mediating to the scholarly community of one million Estonian speakers original studies and articles by foreign researchers specially submitted to the journal for translating. The journal also publishes translations of selected prime researches from scientific journals in other languages to elaborate specialised terminology in Estonian. In addition, the journal publishes articles on applied sciences, as well as reviews of books and audio materials, conferences and fieldwork, overviews of research centres in the world, defended theses, etc.
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