{"title":"细胞外三磷酸腺苷调节牙周膜细胞的炎症反应。","authors":"Maythwe Kyawsoewin, Jeeranan Manokawinchoke, Chutimon Termkwanchareon, Hiroshi Egusa, Thanaphum Osathanon, Phoonsuk Limraksasin","doi":"10.1002/JPER.23-0389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Various stimuli, that is, mechanical stresses or inflammation, induce the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) affects HPDLCs’ functions such as immunosuppressive action and inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key factor involved in periodontal inflammation. However, the possible correlation and detailed mechanism of inflammation-mediated eATP by LPS and inflammatory cascade formation in HPDLCs is unclarified. This study aims to examine the role of eATP on the HPDLCs’ responses concerning inflammatory actions after LPS treatment.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>HPDLCs were stimulated with <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The amount of ATP release was measured at different time points using a bioluminescence assay. HPDLCs were treated with eATP. The expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes was determined. Specific P<sub>2</sub>X purinoreceptor 7 (P<sub>2</sub>X<sub>7</sub>) inhibitors (brilliant blue G [BBG] and KN62), a specific P<sub>2</sub>Y purinoreceptor 1 (P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>1</sub>) inhibitors (MRS2179), calcium chelator (EGTA), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF𝜅B) activation inhibitors, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors (H89 dihydrochloride) and activators (forskolin) were used to dissect the mechanism of eATP-induced HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>LPS and poly I:C induced ATP release. A low concentration of eATP (50 µM) increased pro-inflammatory genes (<i>COX2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12</i>, and <i>TNFA</i>), while a high concentration (500 µM) enhanced anti-inflammatory genes (<i>IL4</i> and <i>IL10</i>). BBG, KN62, and NF𝜅B activation inhibitors impeded eATP-induced pro-inflammatory genes. MRS2179 and H89 markedly suppressed eATP-induced anti-inflammatory genes. Forskolin induced <i>IL4</i> and <i>IL10</i>.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>HPDLCs respond to LPS by releasing ATP. eATP has dose-dependent dual functions on HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses via different pathways. As regulation of inflammation is important in regeneration, eATP may help to limit inflammation and trigger periodontal regeneration.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"95 3","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Extracellular adenosine triphosphate regulates inflammatory responses of periodontal ligament cells\",\"authors\":\"Maythwe Kyawsoewin, Jeeranan Manokawinchoke, Chutimon Termkwanchareon, Hiroshi Egusa, Thanaphum Osathanon, Phoonsuk Limraksasin\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/JPER.23-0389\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Various stimuli, that is, mechanical stresses or inflammation, induce the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) affects HPDLCs’ functions such as immunosuppressive action and inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key factor involved in periodontal inflammation. However, the possible correlation and detailed mechanism of inflammation-mediated eATP by LPS and inflammatory cascade formation in HPDLCs is unclarified. This study aims to examine the role of eATP on the HPDLCs’ responses concerning inflammatory actions after LPS treatment.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>HPDLCs were stimulated with <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The amount of ATP release was measured at different time points using a bioluminescence assay. HPDLCs were treated with eATP. The expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes was determined. Specific P<sub>2</sub>X purinoreceptor 7 (P<sub>2</sub>X<sub>7</sub>) inhibitors (brilliant blue G [BBG] and KN62), a specific P<sub>2</sub>Y purinoreceptor 1 (P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>1</sub>) inhibitors (MRS2179), calcium chelator (EGTA), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF𝜅B) activation inhibitors, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors (H89 dihydrochloride) and activators (forskolin) were used to dissect the mechanism of eATP-induced HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>LPS and poly I:C induced ATP release. A low concentration of eATP (50 µM) increased pro-inflammatory genes (<i>COX2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12</i>, and <i>TNFA</i>), while a high concentration (500 µM) enhanced anti-inflammatory genes (<i>IL4</i> and <i>IL10</i>). BBG, KN62, and NF𝜅B activation inhibitors impeded eATP-induced pro-inflammatory genes. MRS2179 and H89 markedly suppressed eATP-induced anti-inflammatory genes. Forskolin induced <i>IL4</i> and <i>IL10</i>.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>HPDLCs respond to LPS by releasing ATP. eATP has dose-dependent dual functions on HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses via different pathways. As regulation of inflammation is important in regeneration, eATP may help to limit inflammation and trigger periodontal regeneration.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16716,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of periodontology\",\"volume\":\"95 3\",\"pages\":\"281-295\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-11-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of periodontology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JPER.23-0389\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of periodontology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JPER.23-0389","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate regulates inflammatory responses of periodontal ligament cells
Background
Various stimuli, that is, mechanical stresses or inflammation, induce the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) affects HPDLCs’ functions such as immunosuppressive action and inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key factor involved in periodontal inflammation. However, the possible correlation and detailed mechanism of inflammation-mediated eATP by LPS and inflammatory cascade formation in HPDLCs is unclarified. This study aims to examine the role of eATP on the HPDLCs’ responses concerning inflammatory actions after LPS treatment.
Methods
HPDLCs were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The amount of ATP release was measured at different time points using a bioluminescence assay. HPDLCs were treated with eATP. The expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes was determined. Specific P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7) inhibitors (brilliant blue G [BBG] and KN62), a specific P2Y purinoreceptor 1 (P2Y1) inhibitors (MRS2179), calcium chelator (EGTA), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF𝜅B) activation inhibitors, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors (H89 dihydrochloride) and activators (forskolin) were used to dissect the mechanism of eATP-induced HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses.
Results
LPS and poly I:C induced ATP release. A low concentration of eATP (50 µM) increased pro-inflammatory genes (COX2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12, and TNFA), while a high concentration (500 µM) enhanced anti-inflammatory genes (IL4 and IL10). BBG, KN62, and NF𝜅B activation inhibitors impeded eATP-induced pro-inflammatory genes. MRS2179 and H89 markedly suppressed eATP-induced anti-inflammatory genes. Forskolin induced IL4 and IL10.
Conclusion
HPDLCs respond to LPS by releasing ATP. eATP has dose-dependent dual functions on HPDLCs’ inflammatory responses via different pathways. As regulation of inflammation is important in regeneration, eATP may help to limit inflammation and trigger periodontal regeneration.