Journal of periodontology最新文献

The influence of smoking on periodontal health: A case-control study in Afghanistan.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0693

Hedayatullah Ehsan

Background: Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health condition, is exacerbated by smoking, which accelerates tissue destruction and complicates disease management. This study investigates the association between smoking and periodontal health by comparing key periodontal indicators between smokers and nonsmokers in Afghanistan, where smoking prevalence is rising.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ghalib University Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, involving male participants aged 15-50 years. Smokers with stage II or III periodontitis, as defined by the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) criteria, were included in the case group, while nonsmokers without signs of periodontitis were assigned to the control group. Periodontal assessments included PPD, CAL, and bleeding on probing (BOP). The data were analyzed to evaluate differences in periodontal health indicators between the two groups and to assess the association between smoking duration and periodontal severity.Results: Smokers exhibited significantly worse periodontal health compared to nonsmokers. Mean PPD was 3.8 mm in smokers versus 2.5 mm in nonsmokers, and mean CAL was 2.9 mm in smokers compared to 1.7 mm in nonsmokers (p < 0.001 for both measures). Additionally, smokers showed a reduced BOP score, with bleeding observed in only 45% of sites among smokers versus 78% among nonsmokers, indicating a masking effect of nicotine on gingival inflammation. Longer smoking duration was associated with more severe periodontal damage, with increased PPD and CAL values.Conclusion: This study underscores the negative impact of smoking on periodontal health, particularly in populations with limited access to dental care. The findings support the need for integrating smoking cessation programs into oral healthcare strategies to mitigate periodontal disease progression among smokers. Public health initiatives should prioritize smoking prevention and cessation, particularly in underserved regions with high smoking prevalence.Plain language summary: Smoking has a major impact on oral health, specifically by worsening periodontal (gum) disease. This study aimed to understand how smoking affects gum health by comparing smokers and nonsmokers in Afghanistan. Periodontal disease is a common condition in which the structures that support the teeth become inflamed and, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss. This study involved examining the gums of 122 participants, some of whom smoked while others did not. Several indicators of gum health were measured, such as probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. The findings revealed that smokers showed significantly worse gum health than nonsmokers. Smokers had deeper pockets around their teeth, more attachment loss, and less gum bleeding, which can make it harder to detect early signs of dise

{"title":"The influence of smoking on periodontal health: A case-control study in Afghanistan.","authors":"Hedayatullah Ehsan","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0693","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health condition, is exacerbated by smoking, which accelerates tissue destruction and complicates disease management. This study investigates the association between smoking and periodontal health by comparing key periodontal indicators between smokers and nonsmokers in Afghanistan, where smoking prevalence is rising.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ghalib University Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, involving male participants aged 15-50 years. Smokers with stage II or III periodontitis, as defined by the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) criteria, were included in the case group, while nonsmokers without signs of periodontitis were assigned to the control group. Periodontal assessments included PPD, CAL, and bleeding on probing (BOP). The data were analyzed to evaluate differences in periodontal health indicators between the two groups and to assess the association between smoking duration and periodontal severity.Results: Smokers exhibited significantly worse periodontal health compared to nonsmokers. Mean PPD was 3.8 mm in smokers versus 2.5 mm in nonsmokers, and mean CAL was 2.9 mm in smokers compared to 1.7 mm in nonsmokers (p < 0.001 for both measures). Additionally, smokers showed a reduced BOP score, with bleeding observed in only 45% of sites among smokers versus 78% among nonsmokers, indicating a masking effect of nicotine on gingival inflammation. Longer smoking duration was associated with more severe periodontal damage, with increased PPD and CAL values.Conclusion: This study underscores the negative impact of smoking on periodontal health, particularly in populations with limited access to dental care. The findings support the need for integrating smoking cessation programs into oral healthcare strategies to mitigate periodontal disease progression among smokers. Public health initiatives should prioritize smoking prevention and cessation, particularly in underserved regions with high smoking prevalence.Plain language summary: Smoking has a major impact on oral health, specifically by worsening periodontal (gum) disease. This study aimed to understand how smoking affects gum health by comparing smokers and nonsmokers in Afghanistan. Periodontal disease is a common condition in which the structures that support the teeth become inflamed and, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss. This study involved examining the gums of 122 participants, some of whom smoked while others did not. Several indicators of gum health were measured, such as probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. The findings revealed that smokers showed significantly worse gum health than nonsmokers. Smokers had deeper pockets around their teeth, more attachment loss, and less gum bleeding, which can make it harder to detect early signs of dise","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omega-3 and aspirin in the nonsurgical treatment of grade C periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0322

Cássia F Araujo, Naira M R B Andere, Nidia C Castro Dos Santos, Laís F F Ferraz, Manuela M V Miguel, Ingrid F Mathias-Santamaria, Mabelle F Monteiro, Luciana M Shaddox, Renato C V Casarin, Mauro P Santamaria

Background: The use of omega-3 (Ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) has shown better clinical outcomes in the treatment of periodontitis compared to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) alone. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the use of 900 mg Ω-3 and 100 mg ASA for 180 days as adjuncts to NSPT for generalized stage III-IV grade C periodontitis (GCP).Methods: Patients underwent subgingival debridement (SD) associated with Ω-3+ASA or cellulose placebo and received monthly prophylaxis. Clinical and immunological parameters were compared at baseline, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The daily dose of Ω-3 consisted of 540 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 360 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).Results: Thirty-eight patients, 12 males (7 in the SD+Ω-3+AAS group and 5 in the SD+Placebo group; p > 0.05), with a mean age of 32.84 ± 5.47 and 30.42 ± 5.79 years, respectively (p > 0.05), were included. Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all full-mouth parameters. Reductions in the number of pockets, mean probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level of moderate and deep sites, as well as the number and percentage of residual pockets, were observed (intragroup p < 0.05; intergroup p > 0.05). However, residual pockets' mean PD decrease (p < 0.05) was only observed at 6 months in the SD+Ω-3+ASA group. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β from moderate and deep pockets decreased (p < 0.05) in both groups. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 to tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 ratio in the SD+Placebo group at 3 months revealed a proinflammatory profile in moderate (intergroup p = 0.006) and deep pockets (intergroup p < 0.001).Conclusion: Ω-3+ASA therapy did not add clinical benefits to the NSPT for generalized stage III-IV GCP, although some immunomodulatory benefits could be observed.Plain language summary: The use of omega-3 (Ω-3) and aspirin (ASA) along with subgingival debridement (SD) for root decontamination of periodontal pockets has shown better results in the nonsurgical treatment of gum disease and bone loss compared to SD alone. This investigation aimed to evaluate the use of 900 mg Ω-3 and 100 mg ASA for 180 days as adjuncts to the treatment of patients with gum disease and rapid bone loss rate. Thirty-eight patients underwent SD associated with Ω-3+ASA or placebo. Clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 3 and 6 months after. Both groups showed significant improvements. A significant reduction in the number of sites with diseased pockets was observed. The number of residual diseased sites was also significantly reduced, without differences between the groups. However, a significant decrease in the pocket size of the diseased sites was only observed at 6 months in the group that received Ω-3+ASA. Th

{"title":"Omega-3 and aspirin in the nonsurgical treatment of grade C periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Cássia F Araujo, Naira M R B Andere, Nidia C Castro Dos Santos, Laís F F Ferraz, Manuela M V Miguel, Ingrid F Mathias-Santamaria, Mabelle F Monteiro, Luciana M Shaddox, Renato C V Casarin, Mauro P Santamaria","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0322","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of omega-3 (Ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) has shown better clinical outcomes in the treatment of periodontitis compared to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) alone. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the use of 900 mg Ω-3 and 100 mg ASA for 180 days as adjuncts to NSPT for generalized stage III-IV grade C periodontitis (GCP).Methods: Patients underwent subgingival debridement (SD) associated with Ω-3+ASA or cellulose placebo and received monthly prophylaxis. Clinical and immunological parameters were compared at baseline, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The daily dose of Ω-3 consisted of 540 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 360 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).Results: Thirty-eight patients, 12 males (7 in the SD+Ω-3+AAS group and 5 in the SD+Placebo group; p > 0.05), with a mean age of 32.84 ± 5.47 and 30.42 ± 5.79 years, respectively (p > 0.05), were included. Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all full-mouth parameters. Reductions in the number of pockets, mean probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level of moderate and deep sites, as well as the number and percentage of residual pockets, were observed (intragroup p < 0.05; intergroup p > 0.05). However, residual pockets' mean PD decrease (p < 0.05) was only observed at 6 months in the SD+Ω-3+ASA group. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β from moderate and deep pockets decreased (p < 0.05) in both groups. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 to tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 ratio in the SD+Placebo group at 3 months revealed a proinflammatory profile in moderate (intergroup p = 0.006) and deep pockets (intergroup p < 0.001).Conclusion: Ω-3+ASA therapy did not add clinical benefits to the NSPT for generalized stage III-IV GCP, although some immunomodulatory benefits could be observed.Plain language summary: The use of omega-3 (Ω-3) and aspirin (ASA) along with subgingival debridement (SD) for root decontamination of periodontal pockets has shown better results in the nonsurgical treatment of gum disease and bone loss compared to SD alone. This investigation aimed to evaluate the use of 900 mg Ω-3 and 100 mg ASA for 180 days as adjuncts to the treatment of patients with gum disease and rapid bone loss rate. Thirty-eight patients underwent SD associated with Ω-3+ASA or placebo. Clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 3 and 6 months after. Both groups showed significant improvements. A significant reduction in the number of sites with diseased pockets was observed. The number of residual diseased sites was also significantly reduced, without differences between the groups. However, a significant decrease in the pocket size of the diseased sites was only observed at 6 months in the group that received Ω-3+ASA. Th","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of an intensive antiplaque regimen on microbiome outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0141

Lu Li, Yoshiko Hayashi-Okada, Karen L Falkner, Yasumitsu Shimizu, Joseph J Zambon, Keith L Kirkwood, Robert E Schifferle, Robert J Genco, Patricia I Diaz

Background: It has been well documented that periodontal treatment decreases the levels of certain disease-associated species in subgingival plaque. Few studies, however, investigate to which extent periodontal therapy restores a health-like subgingival community. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis to evaluate microbiome outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone or followed by an intensive antiplaque regimen, analyzing microbiome trajectories at the community level with respect to health.

Methods: Eighty-six subjects with periodontitis stages II/III were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after receiving scaling and root planing alone (SRP, n = 41) or followed by an antiplaque regimen consisting of use of 0.12% chlorhexidine for 3 months and interdental cleaners for 6 months (SRP + P + S, n = 45). Thirty periodontally healthy subjects served as reference. The subgingival microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and longitudinal within-subject changes were quantified with respect to a healthy plane (HPL) modeled from the reference group.

Results: Evaluation of individual microbiome trajectories showed that only the SRP + P + S group had a statistically significant reduction in distance to the HPL. However, responses were variable in both groups, with only a fraction of individuals changing in the direction of health. Random forest analysis revealed baseline microbiome composition as a greater predictor of microbiome response than type of treatment rendered.

Conclusion: An adjunct antiplaque regimen resulted in a greater approximation of the microbiome to the healthy state. However, responses varied greatly among subjects highlighting the need for robust and personalized approaches to restore eubiosis.

Plain language summary: This study looked at how different treatments for gum disease change the bacteria in the gums of people with moderate to severe gum problems. Eighty-six people received standard gum treatments, and some also used a mouthwash and special tools to clean between their teeth at home. After 6 months, more people in the group that added the extra cleaning steps had healthier bacteria in their gums than people who received the standard treatment. However, not everyone responded the same way. The study found that the types of bacteria someone had at the start were better at predicting how well the treatment would work, more than the type of treatment itself. This means gum disease treatments may need to be personalized for better results.

{"title":"Effect of an intensive antiplaque regimen on microbiome outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.","authors":"Lu Li, Yoshiko Hayashi-Okada, Karen L Falkner, Yasumitsu Shimizu, Joseph J Zambon, Keith L Kirkwood, Robert E Schifferle, Robert J Genco, Patricia I Diaz","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been well documented that periodontal treatment decreases the levels of certain disease-associated species in subgingival plaque. Few studies, however, investigate to which extent periodontal therapy restores a health-like subgingival community. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis to evaluate microbiome outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone or followed by an intensive antiplaque regimen, analyzing microbiome trajectories at the community level with respect to health.Methods: Eighty-six subjects with periodontitis stages II/III were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after receiving scaling and root planing alone (SRP, n = 41) or followed by an antiplaque regimen consisting of use of 0.12% chlorhexidine for 3 months and interdental cleaners for 6 months (SRP + P + S, n = 45). Thirty periodontally healthy subjects served as reference. The subgingival microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and longitudinal within-subject changes were quantified with respect to a healthy plane (HPL) modeled from the reference group.Results: Evaluation of individual microbiome trajectories showed that only the SRP + P + S group had a statistically significant reduction in distance to the HPL. However, responses were variable in both groups, with only a fraction of individuals changing in the direction of health. Random forest analysis revealed baseline microbiome composition as a greater predictor of microbiome response than type of treatment rendered.Conclusion: An adjunct antiplaque regimen resulted in a greater approximation of the microbiome to the healthy state. However, responses varied greatly among subjects highlighting the need for robust and personalized approaches to restore eubiosis.Plain language summary: This study looked at how different treatments for gum disease change the bacteria in the gums of people with moderate to severe gum problems. Eighty-six people received standard gum treatments, and some also used a mouthwash and special tools to clean between their teeth at home. After 6 months, more people in the group that added the extra cleaning steps had healthier bacteria in their gums than people who received the standard treatment. However, not everyone responded the same way. The study found that the types of bacteria someone had at the start were better at predicting how well the treatment would work, more than the type of treatment itself. This means gum disease treatments may need to be personalized for better results.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency, cost, and time to re-treatment after active periodontal therapy.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0474

Shahad Alhazmi, Sawsan Abu-Reyal, Yi-Chen Chiang, Muhammad H A Saleh, Hom-Lay Wang

Background: Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) reduces the probability of infection reoccurrence further disease progression. Despite that, several patient/tooth related variables have been linked to tooth loss during SPT. This longitudinal study examines the correlation between periodontal staging, grading, initial therapy, and frequency, cost, and time-to-re-treatment following active periodontal therapy (APT).

Methods: Patients who received scaling and root planing (SRP) or surgery (SUR) were included. Demographics, annual SPT visits, and medical history were collected. Radiographic bone loss (RBL), probing depths (PD), and clinical attachment loss were collected at six sites/tooth. A simple binary logistic regression model assessed the probability of re-treatment. Multiple models were constructed while adjusting for confounding factors: sex, age, number of SPT visits, and baseline data.

Results: Three hundred patients underwent SRP, and 142 underwent SUR as their APT. 191 patients (63.7%) required a second intervention over 24 ± 8.2-year follow-up. The second intervention type was correlated with the first (p = 0.035). The likelihood of a second intervention was higher in SUR patients (p < 0.001). Significant differences in time to first intervention based on stage (p = 0.019) and compliance (p < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed for time-to-recurrence based on stage (p = 0.03) and compliance (p = 0.017) but not grade (p = 0.144). Mean teeth "free of intervention time" was 16.3 years before the first additional therapy. However, SSD was found between stages (p = 0.028) and grades (p = 0.043) for SUR interventions, but not for SRP.

Conclusion: In this long-term study, higher stage patients and those who had surgical treatments received more frequent retreatments. The first intervention affected the likelihood and type of the second intervention. 12.4% of patients were responsible for 64% of the entire retreatment spending.

Plain language summary: Patients with more severe periodontitis who initially underwent surgery needed more frequent therapy. Patients who had surgery as their intervention during active periodontal therapy were more prone to have surgery as their additional therapy during follow-up.

{"title":"Frequency, cost, and time to re-treatment after active periodontal therapy.","authors":"Shahad Alhazmi, Sawsan Abu-Reyal, Yi-Chen Chiang, Muhammad H A Saleh, Hom-Lay Wang","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0474","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) reduces the probability of infection reoccurrence further disease progression. Despite that, several patient/tooth related variables have been linked to tooth loss during SPT. This longitudinal study examines the correlation between periodontal staging, grading, initial therapy, and frequency, cost, and time-to-re-treatment following active periodontal therapy (APT).Methods: Patients who received scaling and root planing (SRP) or surgery (SUR) were included. Demographics, annual SPT visits, and medical history were collected. Radiographic bone loss (RBL), probing depths (PD), and clinical attachment loss were collected at six sites/tooth. A simple binary logistic regression model assessed the probability of re-treatment. Multiple models were constructed while adjusting for confounding factors: sex, age, number of SPT visits, and baseline data.Results: Three hundred patients underwent SRP, and 142 underwent SUR as their APT. 191 patients (63.7%) required a second intervention over 24 ± 8.2-year follow-up. The second intervention type was correlated with the first (p = 0.035). The likelihood of a second intervention was higher in SUR patients (p < 0.001). Significant differences in time to first intervention based on stage (p = 0.019) and compliance (p < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed for time-to-recurrence based on stage (p = 0.03) and compliance (p = 0.017) but not grade (p = 0.144). Mean teeth \"free of intervention time\" was 16.3 years before the first additional therapy. However, SSD was found between stages (p = 0.028) and grades (p = 0.043) for SUR interventions, but not for SRP.Conclusion: In this long-term study, higher stage patients and those who had surgical treatments received more frequent retreatments. The first intervention affected the likelihood and type of the second intervention. 12.4% of patients were responsible for 64% of the entire retreatment spending.Plain language summary: Patients with more severe periodontitis who initially underwent surgery needed more frequent therapy. Patients who had surgery as their intervention during active periodontal therapy were more prone to have surgery as their additional therapy during follow-up.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Presence of nonimpacted third molars affect the response of neighboring teeth to nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0674

Rui Gao, Li-Juan Sun, Xi-Yu Zhang, Hong-Lei Qu, Yi Tian, Xiao-Tao He, Xuan Li, Bei-Min Tian, Fa-Ming Chen, Rui-Xin Wu

Background: This study focused on whether the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on second molars (M2s) varies with the status of adjacent nonimpacted third molars (N-M3s).

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 776 regions from 268 patients were evaluated. Based on the adjacent N-M3 status, quadrants with M2s were categorized into three groups: N-M3 group (present N-M3), A-M3 group (absent M3), and R-M3 group (removed N-M3). The probing depth reduction (ΔPD) and the percentage of reversed deep pockets (PD5+ [probing depth ≥5 mm] turned to PD5-) after NSPT were analyzed among the three groups. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was employed to compare the N-M3 group with the A-M3 group, with a mixed-effect model utilized to adjust for confounding factors. Further, the R-M3 group and the matched N-M3 group were compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test.

Results: After isolating confounding factors (M2 baseline gingival recession, tooth mobility, sex, and follow-up interval), the ΔPD of M2s was significantly lower in the N-M3 group (0.93 ± 1.25 mm) compared with the A-M3 group (1.09 ± 1.30 mm, p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of reversed deep pockets in the N-M3 group (35.56%) was lower than in the A-M3 group (42.98%, p<0.001). Similarly, compared with the N-M3 group, M2s in the R-M3 group manifested better outcomes in terms of periodontal indices.

Conclusion: Retained N-M3s may hamper the outcome of NSPT on adjacent M2s. Additionally, the removal of N-M3 is associated with an enhanced response of M2s to NSPT.

Plain language summary: The second molar is crucial for chewing, but it is often lost due to periodontitis. Periodontal treatment for the second molar is not always effective, and many factors contribute to this. One factor that has gained attention is the impact of a nonimpacted third molar on the periodontal health of the adjacent second molar. In this study, we examined how the presence of a nonimpacted third molar affects the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the second molar. We analyzed 776 second molars from 268 patients. The results showed that when the nonimpacted third molar was absent or removed during periodontal therapy, the second molar's condition improved more than when the nonimpacted third molar was present. The data indicated that even with nonsurgical periodontal treatment, the periodontitis of the second molar could not be effectively controlled if an adjacent nonimpacted third molar was present. Therefore, the negative impact of the nonimpacted third molar should be considered to prevent the loss of the second molar.

{"title":"Presence of nonimpacted third molars affect the response of neighboring teeth to nonsurgical periodontal therapy.","authors":"Rui Gao, Li-Juan Sun, Xi-Yu Zhang, Hong-Lei Qu, Yi Tian, Xiao-Tao He, Xuan Li, Bei-Min Tian, Fa-Ming Chen, Rui-Xin Wu","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0674","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focused on whether the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on second molars (M2s) varies with the status of adjacent nonimpacted third molars (N-M3s).Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 776 regions from 268 patients were evaluated. Based on the adjacent N-M3 status, quadrants with M2s were categorized into three groups: N-M3 group (present N-M3), A-M3 group (absent M3), and R-M3 group (removed N-M3). The probing depth reduction (ΔPD) and the percentage of reversed deep pockets (PD5+ [probing depth ≥5 mm] turned to PD5-) after NSPT were analyzed among the three groups. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was employed to compare the N-M3 group with the A-M3 group, with a mixed-effect model utilized to adjust for confounding factors. Further, the R-M3 group and the matched N-M3 group were compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test.Results: After isolating confounding factors (M2 baseline gingival recession, tooth mobility, sex, and follow-up interval), the ΔPD of M2s was significantly lower in the N-M3 group (0.93 ± 1.25 mm) compared with the A-M3 group (1.09 ± 1.30 mm, p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of reversed deep pockets in the N-M3 group (35.56%) was lower than in the A-M3 group (42.98%, p<0.001). Similarly, compared with the N-M3 group, M2s in the R-M3 group manifested better outcomes in terms of periodontal indices.Conclusion: Retained N-M3s may hamper the outcome of NSPT on adjacent M2s. Additionally, the removal of N-M3 is associated with an enhanced response of M2s to NSPT.Plain language summary: The second molar is crucial for chewing, but it is often lost due to periodontitis. Periodontal treatment for the second molar is not always effective, and many factors contribute to this. One factor that has gained attention is the impact of a nonimpacted third molar on the periodontal health of the adjacent second molar. In this study, we examined how the presence of a nonimpacted third molar affects the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the second molar. We analyzed 776 second molars from 268 patients. The results showed that when the nonimpacted third molar was absent or removed during periodontal therapy, the second molar's condition improved more than when the nonimpacted third molar was present. The data indicated that even with nonsurgical periodontal treatment, the periodontitis of the second molar could not be effectively controlled if an adjacent nonimpacted third molar was present. Therefore, the negative impact of the nonimpacted third molar should be considered to prevent the loss of the second molar.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual dimorphism in periodontal inflammation: A cross‐sectional study

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0466

Roberto Farina, Anna Simonelli, Cristiano Tomasi, Effie Ioannidou, Leonardo Trombelli

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of sexual dimorphism (SD) in the clinical manifestation of plaque‐induced periodontal inflammation by analyzing the association between patient‐related factors and the full‐mouth prevalence of bleeding on probing (BOP%) within 2 cohorts of male and female individuals.MethodsData on BOP (dichotomously recorded as present/absent after the assessment of probing depth [PD]) were retrospectively obtained from the files of adult patients undergoing a first periodontal visit at a University center. Two multiple regression models (1 for males, 1 for females) were built with BOP% as the dependent variable and patient‐related factors (i.e., age; smoking status; daily cigarette consumption; history of diabetes diagnosis; number of teeth present; proportion of sites with PD ≥ 5 mm around teeth) as independent variables.ResultsIn males (n = 212), BOP% was 5.9% lower in smokers compared to non‐smokers (p = 0.021). In females (n = 389), BOP% increased by 1.6% for each 10‐year increase in age (p = 0.046). The proportion of sites with PD ≥ 5 mm showed a strongly significant, positive association with BOP% irrespective of biological sex (p < 0.001).ConclusionSD manifested as a sex‐dependent diversity in the association between patient‐related factors and periodontal inflammation expressed as BOP%. While smoking determined a lower BOP% only in males, aging was associated with increased BOP% only in females.Plain Language SummaryGingival bleeding upon mechanical stimulation of the bottom of the gingival sulcus/pocket with a periodontal probe (bleeding on probing [BOP]) is suggestive of the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate induced by dental plaque within the gingival tissue. The prevalence of BOP within the dentition (BOP%) has a diagnostic relevance, being one of the main parameters to discriminate between periodontal health and disease. Also, BOP% informs the probability for a patient to either develop destructive form of periodontal disease (i.e., periodontitis) or manifest periodontitis progression. Based on the documented influence of biological sex on the incidence, traits, and/or progression rate of several diseases, which goes under the name of sexual dimorphism (SD), the effect of SD was investigated in relation to the factors that were previously associated with BOP% in a cohort of patients with heterogeneous periodontal conditions undergoing their first periodontal visit. Interestingly, SD manifested as a sex‐dependent diversity in the association between patient‐related factors and periodontal inflammation expressed by BOP%. While smoking determined a lower BOP% only in males, aging was associated with increased BOP% only in females. The present findings may find potential applications in personalized periodontal medicine and inspire future studie

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引用次数: 0

Silk‐fibroin chitosan film for palatal wounds: Material development, in vitro study, and pilot clinical trial

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0441

Ingrid Fernandes Mathias‐Santamaria, Manuela Maria Viana Miguel, Ana Carolina Ferreira Bonafé, Camila Nunes Lemos, Lucas de Paula Ramos, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Renato Correia Vianna Casarin, Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez, Mauro Pedrine Santamaria

BackgroundIn the present study, we aim to assess a novel silk‐fibroin (SF) chitosan (CH) film to treat oral mucosa wounds.MethodsThe SF/CH films, sterilized with 130 Gy in a gamma cell, were subjected to tests for thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation, and swelling as well as scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated using human epidermal keratinocytes, human foreskin fibroblasts, and human gingival fibroblasts. A pilot clinical trial was conducted with 10 patients who underwent a free gingival graft procedure for socket preservation. The palatal wound healing was evaluated through clinical, patient‐centered, immunological, and histological assessments.ResultsThe SF/CH film exhibited a thickness of 187.5 ± 8.0 µm and water vapor permeability of 15.87 ± 7.52 g mm m2 day−1 kPa−1, and microscopy revealed a uniformly rough surface. A flexible scaffold was observed (Young's modulus = 1.74 ± 0.90 MPa) with 1% of water absorption within 2 h. The in vitro analysis showed increased cell viability and low genotoxicity for epithelial and fibroblast cells. For the clinical assessments, wound closure was 28.06 ± 4.3mm2 and 0.95 ± 1.9mm2 after 7 and 14 days, respectively. The immunological assay exhibited a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) (p = 0.02) and an increase in macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP‐1α) (p = 0.008) from Day 3 to Day 7. Histology showed the absence of residual biomaterial after 12 months. Complete epithelialization was reached on Day 21, and no tissue thickness loss was observed after 90 days. Patients reported low discomfort and minimal analgesic intake.ConclusionWithin the present study's limits, SF/CH film may be useful to help in the healing of wounds on the palatal mucosa. Further clinical investigations are required.Plain language summaryThis study aimed to evaluate a novel silk fibroin and chitosan film for treating palatal mucosa wounds. The films were sterilized, tested for physical properties, such as thickness, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor permeability, and swelling, and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. In vitro tests using human oral and skin cells assessed the film's toxicity. Ten patients undergoing graft‐harvesting procedures received the film, and their healing was monitored clinically, immunologically, and histologically. The film demonstrated appropriate physical properties, and laboratory results indicated high cell viability and low toxicity. Clinically, the wounds demonstrated considerable closure by Day 7 and almost full closure by Day 14. Immunological assessments indicated elevation in some healing markers, and histology revealed no residual biomaterial at 12 months post treatment. Complete epithelialization occurred b

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引用次数: 0

In Memoriam: William Becker, DDS

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0648

引用次数: 0

Global burden and trends of severe periodontitis among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021. 1990-2021 年育龄妇女患严重牙周炎的全球负担和趋势。

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0615

Xingzhu Dai, Yifan Tao, Jing Zhou, Yu Zhou, Shuyi Liang, Xiao Ma

Background: The global burden and trend of severe periodontitis, as well as its association with sociodemographic development, among women of childbearing age (WCBA) have been unclear so far. This study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern of severe periodontitis in WCBA from 1990 to 2021 and provide projections through 2040.

Methods: Data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of severe periodontitis among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was run to project the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) through 2040.

Results: In 2021, an estimated 26,315,786 incident cases, 257,234,399 prevalent cases, and 1,680,425 DALYs were reported globally. From 1990 to 2021, a consistent annual increase in the age-standardized rate of severe periodontitis was observed, and the ASIR is projected to continue to rise until 2040. Additionally, the burden of severe periodontitis demonstrated a downward trend with increasing sociodemographic development. In 2021, age-specific rates of severe periodontitis increased with age, with the most significant changes occurring in younger age groups.

Conclusion: The rising global burden of severe periodontitis, along with regional and age variations, highlights the urgent need for innovative prevention and healthcare strategies to reduce this burden among WCBA globally.

Plain language summary: Women of childbearing age (WCBA) represent nearly a quarter of the global population, yet there is a significant gap in consistent global and regional surveillance data on severe periodontitis in this group. Our study revealed that severe periodontitis among WCBA poses a substantial public health challenge worldwide. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized rate of severe periodontitis increased globally, with the most significant rise observed in regions with middle socioeconomic development. This condition disproportionately affects women in their prime years, with the fastest growth seen among younger WCBA. It is essential that healthcare providers recognize the gender disparities and societal factors related to socioeconomic development that contribute to the risk of severe periodontitis in this population. To address this issue effectively, it is crucial to develop region- and age-specific prevention strategies, as well as targeted healthcare interventions.

{"title":"Global burden and trends of severe periodontitis among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021.","authors":"Xingzhu Dai, Yifan Tao, Jing Zhou, Yu Zhou, Shuyi Liang, Xiao Ma","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0615","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global burden and trend of severe periodontitis, as well as its association with sociodemographic development, among women of childbearing age (WCBA) have been unclear so far. This study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern of severe periodontitis in WCBA from 1990 to 2021 and provide projections through 2040.Methods: Data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of severe periodontitis among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was run to project the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) through 2040.Results: In 2021, an estimated 26,315,786 incident cases, 257,234,399 prevalent cases, and 1,680,425 DALYs were reported globally. From 1990 to 2021, a consistent annual increase in the age-standardized rate of severe periodontitis was observed, and the ASIR is projected to continue to rise until 2040. Additionally, the burden of severe periodontitis demonstrated a downward trend with increasing sociodemographic development. In 2021, age-specific rates of severe periodontitis increased with age, with the most significant changes occurring in younger age groups.Conclusion: The rising global burden of severe periodontitis, along with regional and age variations, highlights the urgent need for innovative prevention and healthcare strategies to reduce this burden among WCBA globally.Plain language summary: Women of childbearing age (WCBA) represent nearly a quarter of the global population, yet there is a significant gap in consistent global and regional surveillance data on severe periodontitis in this group. Our study revealed that severe periodontitis among WCBA poses a substantial public health challenge worldwide. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized rate of severe periodontitis increased globally, with the most significant rise observed in regions with middle socioeconomic development. This condition disproportionately affects women in their prime years, with the fastest growth seen among younger WCBA. It is essential that healthcare providers recognize the gender disparities and societal factors related to socioeconomic development that contribute to the risk of severe periodontitis in this population. To address this issue effectively, it is crucial to develop region- and age-specific prevention strategies, as well as targeted healthcare interventions.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hotspots and global trends in research of host immune response in periodontitis: A bibliometric analysis.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of periodontology

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0473

Aldrin André Huamán-Mendoza, Fabiola Lucía Pantigozo-Morán, José Carlos da Silva, Casimira Valeria Chuquimez-Ventura, Marinella Holzhausen

Background: The host immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A bibliometric study can be crucial to understanding the different processes involved in this area; however, to our knowledge, it has not been published until now. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess research hotspots and global trends in scientific articles about the immune response in periodontitis published between 1952 and 2023.

Methods: The search strategy was defined using keywords and Boolean operators. The Web of Science Core Collection database was used. In addition, the bibliometric analysis was performed using four tools: Python 3.12, VOSviewer 1.6.19, R-Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace.

Results: A total of 7696 articles were included, comprising 6691 regular articles and 1005 review articles. Data analysis revealed an increasing trend in the number of publications over the years in this field, with the most cited article written by Preshaw et al. (2012). Leading countries in article production include the United States, China, Japan, and Brazil. Regarding institutions, the University of Helsinki had the highest number of publications (N = 339), with one of its researchers being the author with the most publications (Dr. Sorsa, N = 143, H-index = 52). Concerning journals, the Journal of Periodontology was the most influential journal. Finally, recent trending topics in research were related to the influence of inflammation on dysbiosis, immune biomarkers, immunomodulation, and the impact of aging on immunocompetence.

Conclusion: This bibliometric study demonstrated a growing interest and the emergence of new trends in research on host immune response in periodontitis.

{"title":"Hotspots and global trends in research of host immune response in periodontitis: A bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Aldrin André Huamán-Mendoza, Fabiola Lucía Pantigozo-Morán, José Carlos da Silva, Casimira Valeria Chuquimez-Ventura, Marinella Holzhausen","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0473","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The host immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A bibliometric study can be crucial to understanding the different processes involved in this area; however, to our knowledge, it has not been published until now. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess research hotspots and global trends in scientific articles about the immune response in periodontitis published between 1952 and 2023.Methods: The search strategy was defined using keywords and Boolean operators. The Web of Science Core Collection database was used. In addition, the bibliometric analysis was performed using four tools: Python 3.12, VOSviewer 1.6.19, R-Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace.Results: A total of 7696 articles were included, comprising 6691 regular articles and 1005 review articles. Data analysis revealed an increasing trend in the number of publications over the years in this field, with the most cited article written by Preshaw et al. (2012). Leading countries in article production include the United States, China, Japan, and Brazil. Regarding institutions, the University of Helsinki had the highest number of publications (N = 339), with one of its researchers being the author with the most publications (Dr. Sorsa, N = 143, H-index = 52). Concerning journals, the Journal of Periodontology was the most influential journal. Finally, recent trending topics in research were related to the influence of inflammation on dysbiosis, immune biomarkers, immunomodulation, and the impact of aging on immunocompetence.Conclusion: This bibliometric study demonstrated a growing interest and the emergence of new trends in research on host immune response in periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0