来自美国内布拉斯加州和中国广西壮族自治区的新化石揭示了神秘的北美灵长类动物Ekgmowechashala的系统发育和古生物地理学。

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Human Evolution Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103452
Kathleen Rust , Xijun Ni , Kristen Tietjen , K. Christopher Beard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Ekgmowechashala是一种文献记载不多但非常独特的灵长类动物,仅在北美洲西部渐新世晚期(阿里卡里阶早期)才被发现。由于其高度同源的齿列和时空隔离,Ekgmowechashala的系统发育和生物地理学亲缘关系一直存在争议。在这里,我们描述了已知最古老的Ekgmowechashala化石,这些化石来自内布拉斯加州西部白河群Brule组的棕色粉砂岩床。我们还描述了中国南方广西壮族自治区百色盆地那都组(始新世晚期)的一个新的ekgmowechashaline分类单元。系统发育分析表明,北美Ekgmowechashala和新的中国分类单元是姐妹分类单元,嵌套在南亚阿达皮虫的辐射中,阿达皮虫还包括Gatanthropus、Muangtanhinius和Bugtilemur。新的中国ekgmowechashaline有助于填补Ekgmowechashala和南亚已知的更原始的ekgmowechashalid在牙齿形态上的巨大差异。我们的研究强调了在始新世-渐新世过渡后盛行的凉爽干燥的气候条件下,南亚作为多个灵长类分支的避难所的基本作用。Ekgmowechashala对北美洲的殖民化有助于定义Arikareean陆地哺乳动物时代的开始,并对应于Lazarus效应的一个例子,即一个分类单元(在本例中为灵长目)在长时间中断后突然出现在化石记录中。
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Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of the enigmatic North American primate Ekgmowechashala illuminated by new fossils from Nebraska (USA) and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China)

Ekgmowechashala is a poorly documented but very distinctive primate known only from the late early Oligocene (early Arikareean) of western North America. Because of its highly autapomorphous dentition and spatiotemporal isolation, the phylogenetic and biogeographic affinities of Ekgmowechashala have long been debated. Here, we describe the oldest known fossils of Ekgmowechashala from the Brown Siltstone Beds of the Brule Formation, White River Group of western Nebraska. We also describe a new ekgmowechashaline taxon from the Nadu Formation (late Eocene) in the Baise Basin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that North American Ekgmowechashala and the new Chinese taxon are sister taxa that are nested within a radiation of southern Asian adapiforms that also includes Gatanthropus, Muangthanhinius, and Bugtilemur. The new Chinese ekgmowechashaline helps fill the considerable disparity in dental morphology between Ekgmowechashala and more primitive ekgmowechashalids known from southern Asia. Our study underscores the fundamental role of southern Asia as a refugium for multiple primate clades during the cooler and drier climatic regime that prevailed after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. The colonization of North America by Ekgmowechashala helps define the beginning of the Arikareean Land Mammal Age and corresponds to an example of the Lazarus effect, whereby a taxon (in this case, the order Primates) reappears suddenly in the fossil record after a lengthy hiatus.

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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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