Prosthesis Options and Management in Upper Extremity Amputation

Amputation surgery is a life-altering experience, profoundly impacting an individual's ability to perform daily tasks and engage in their chosen activities. Upper extremity prostheses have advanced remarkably, offering diverse solutions to restore functionality and enhance the quality of life for amputees. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the various types of upper extremity prostheses available today, highlighting their unique features, advantages, and limitations. This article categorizes upper extremity prostheses into three main types: body-powered prostheses, myoelectric prostheses, and advanced prosthetic technologies. Passive prostheses are generally designed to replicate the appearance of the missing limb. Body-powered prostheses rely on cables and harnesses for control, offering affordability and durability. Myoelectric prostheses employ electromyography (EMG) signals from residual muscles for intuitive and precise control. Advanced prosthetic technologies, including neural interfaces and 3D printing, are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in terms of functionality and customization. This article aims to serve as a valuable resource for upper extremity surgeons to help guide options and even optimize surgical plans to allow individuals to maximize the use of upper extremity prostheses.