Developing Additives Based on Russian Coal for the Thermal Hydrocracking of Heavy Tar. 1. Coal Petrography, Complex and Elemental Analysis

The following coal samples are compared: Kansk-Achinsk lignite from the Kaichasky-1 and Berezovsky mines; and long-flame (bituminous) coal from the Pervomaisky mine in the Kuznetsk Basin. Their composition and results of their technical analysis, elemental analysis, and petrography are presented. In all cases, the ash content is low (5.0–8.0%), as is the sulfur content (0.2–0.4%). In the mineral component of the lignite samples, the main elements are calcium, silicon, and sulfur; for the bituminous coal, they are silicon, aluminum, and iron. The samples are complex mixtures of macerals in the vitrinite, semivitrinite, inertinite, and liptinite groups. For all the coal samples, the reflectogram is free of discontinuities; the petrographic nonuniformity is minimal, with a predominance of the vitrinite group. The goal of the research is to select the optimal sample for the production of specialized activated coal additives in the thermal hydrocracking of heavy oil refining residues (tars). Such additives must meet requirements regarding the sulfur content, the content of the ash, its composition, and the porosity of the structure.