Untethered Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Embedded Multiple Sensing Capabilities.

Pneumatic soft robot attracts extensive attention because of its own characteristics. It has great application potential in medical and other fields. Although the recent improvement of the soft robot shows great potentials for delicate manipulations, the development of completely untethered pneumatic intelligent soft robots remains challenging. This article introduces a novel type of untethered soft pneumatic actuator with embedded multiple sensing capabilities. The untethered drive of the soft pneumatic actuator is achieved by near-infrared-induced liquid-gas phase transition. In addition, a soft conductive resin was developed to make flexible sensors. Embedded flexible sensors enable bending and temperature sensing of soft actuators. With Digital Light Processing three-dimensional printing, the rapid fabrication of soft actuators and flexible sensors was realized. This article demonstrates the potential of the proposed untethered soft actuators with embedded multiple sensing capabilities as an important contribution to the research of completely untethered intelligent soft robots.