俄罗斯的无产者:从“危险阶级”到话语正常化

IF 2.9 1区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Journal of Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI:10.30570/2078-5089-2022-107-4-104-122
L. Fishman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文致力于探讨在俄罗斯科学文献中使用“无产者”概念的问题。在修正了对不稳定无产阶级的标准、其社会构成甚至其作为一个阶级的存在缺乏共识之后,作者建议人们应该从这样一个事实出发,即不稳定无产阶级是一种意识形态话语的一部分,而不是一种科学话语,类似于中产阶级的话语,它具有明显的连续性。这些话语对于现存社会关系的再生产具有功能性。因此,本文试图研究用来描述俄罗斯不稳定阶级的话语,并理解它的功能关系的再生产。作者的研究表明,俄罗斯对不稳定阶级的解释与西方的解释明显不同。这既适用于无产阶级的构成,也适用于它在社会结构中的地位。俄罗斯作者描绘了一幅特殊的俄罗斯不稳定阶级的图画,其中包括几乎一半的社会。这种不稳定阶级与西方的不稳定阶级没有什么相似之处,但在俄罗斯统治集团看来,他们几乎完全符合俄罗斯的中产阶级。由于国家能够与这种不稳定阶级进行对话,这是一个被动受苦且不再危险的阶级,不会破坏系统的基础,关于不稳定阶级和不稳定化的话语正在转变为与关于中产阶级的话语相同的潜在合法的正常化话语。
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Precariat in Russia: from “Dangerous Class” to Normalizing Discourse
The article is devoted to the problematique of using the concept of precariat in the Russian scientific literature. Having fixed the lack of consensus about the criteria of the precariat, its social composition and even its very existence as a class, the author suggests one should proceed from the fact that precariat is part of an ideological rather than a scientific discourse, similar to the discourse of the middle class, with which it has a clear continuity. These discourses are functional for the reproduction of the existing social relations. Therefore, the article attempts to study discourse that is used to describe precariat in Russia, and to comprehend for the reproduction of what relations it is functional. The research conducted by the author shows that the Russian interpretation of the precariat differs markedly from the Western one. This applies to both the composition of the precariat and its place in the social structure. The Russian authors draw a picture of a specific Russian precariat, which includes almost half of the society. This precariat bears little resemblance to the Western one, but almost completely coincides with the Russian middle class, as the Russian ruling circles view it. Since the state is able to conduct a dialogue with this kind of precariat, which is a passively suffering and no longer dangerous class that does not undermine the foundations of the system, the discourse about precariat and precarization is turning into the same potentially legitimate kind of normalizing discourse as the one about the middle class.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Journal of Political Philosophy is an international journal devoted to the study of theoretical issues arising out of moral, legal and political life. It welcomes, and hopes to foster, work cutting across a variety of disciplinary concerns, among them philosophy, sociology, history, economics and political science. The journal encourages new approaches, including (but not limited to): feminism; environmentalism; critical theory, post-modernism and analytical Marxism; social and public choice theory; law and economics, critical legal studies and critical race studies; and game theoretic, socio-biological and anthropological approaches to politics. It also welcomes work in the history of political thought which builds to a larger philosophical point and work in the philosophy of the social sciences and applied ethics with broader political implications. Featuring a distinguished editorial board from major centres of thought from around the globe, the journal draws equally upon the work of non-philosophers and philosophers and provides a forum of debate between disparate factions who usually keep to their own separate journals.
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