军队在俄罗斯的政治角色:摩尔多瓦和格鲁吉亚的案例

IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS International Spectator Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI:10.1080/03932729808456825
Andrea Mörike
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引用次数: 8

摘要

1992年至1995年俄罗斯对摩尔多瓦和格鲁吉亚的军事干预,是否像一些学者所说的那样,是莫斯科试图夺回苏联解体后失去的地缘政治空间?在这两次冲突中,俄罗斯军队的作用和利益是什么?本文认为,这两次干预背后没有地缘政治设计,因为俄罗斯外交政策的特点是参与者众多,没有一个机构能够制定和实施政治战略。在一本关于前苏联(FSU)今天局势的非常有意义的出版物中,克劳斯·塞格斯(Klaus Segbers)提出了一个基本问题,即把前苏联正在进行的巨大变革的分析集中在“高级政治”上,即总统和他们的意图宣言上,集中在政党、议会和行政部门上,集中在选举和宪法上,“当国家不能正常运作时,当身份不明确时……”是否有任何意义。[I]回到一些基本问题似乎是个好主意:如果国家不是唯一相关的行动者和分析范畴,那么哪些领域、行动者、群体和行为真正重要?外交政策决策过程反映了俄罗斯社会、经济和政治转型的“多元混乱”。俄罗斯的外交政策,甚至俄罗斯的军事政策,其特点是参与者众多,机构繁多,这使它们失去了任何意义。这是一套功能几乎相同的器官和各种各样的参与者,没有机制来协调或控制它们。
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The military as a political actor in Russia: The cases of Moldova and Georgia
Was the Russian military intervention in Moldova and Georgia in 1992-95 an attempt by Moscow to regain the geopolitical space lost after the collapse of the Soviet Union as some scholars claim? What were the role and the interests of the Russian military in these two conflicts? It is argued here that there was no geopolitical design underlying the two interventions, since Russian foreign policy was/is characterised by a plurality of actors with no single institution able to work out and implement a political strategy. In a very illuminating publication on the situation in the former Soviet Union (FSU) today, Klaus Segbers poses the fundamental question whether there is any sense in focusing analysis of the great transformations under way in the former Soviet Union on "high politics", that is, on presidents and their declarations of intent, on parties, parliaments and administrations, on elections and constitutions, "when states are not functioning properly, when identities are unclear. . . [I]t seems to be a good idea to return to some basic questions: if the state is not the only relevant actor and category of analysis, what territories, actors, groups and behaviours do really matter?“ The foreign policy decision-making process reflects the "pluralistic chaos" of social, economic and political transformation in Russia. Russian foreign policy and even the Russian military is characterised by a multiplicity of actors and a proliferation of institutions, which has voided them of any meaning. There is a panoply of organs with almost identical functions and a variety of actors, with no mechanisms to coordinate or control them.
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来源期刊
International Spectator
International Spectator INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
41
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