西塞罗关于灵魂不朽的柏拉图式论证(《论文集》1.39-49)

M. Watton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在西塞罗的《图斯库兰论辩》(图斯1.39-49)中,一个论证通过灵魂的物质构成来捍卫精神不朽。本文认为,这种“物理论证”应该被解释为在希腊化时代的哲学范式中接受柏拉图的灵魂学说。在分析论证后,我们发现西塞罗的证明在物质宇宙论中重塑了柏拉图《斐多篇》的元素,特别是灵魂与天堂之间的亲属关系以及灵魂本质上的沉思性。文章还认为,西塞罗的论点是为了反对斯多葛派的观点,即灵魂在死后的生存只是暂时的。物理论证作为柏拉图思想的现代化而出现,将柏拉图置于与当代希腊哲学的对话中。西塞罗也是一位比人们通常认为的更熟练的哲学作家。
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A PLATONIC ARGUMENT FOR THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL IN CICERO (TVSCVLANAE DISPVTATIONES 1.39–49)
Abstract An argument in Cicero's Tusculan Disputations (Tusc. 1.39–49) defends psychic immortality by reference to the physical constitution of the soul. This article argues that this ‘Physical Argument’ should be interpreted as a reception of Plato's doctrine of the soul within the philosophical paradigm of the Hellenistic era. After analysing the argument, it is shown that Cicero's proof recasts elements of Plato's Phaedo, in particular the kinship between the soul and the heavens and the soul's essentially contemplative nature, within a corporealist cosmology. The article also argues that Cicero formulates his argument to oppose the Stoic view that the soul's survival after death is only temporary. The Physical Argument emerges as a modernization of Platonic thought, putting Plato into dialogue with contemporary Hellenistic philosophy. Cicero, too, emerges as a more adept philosophical author than is often supposed.
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