{"title":"折叠映射的对偶树从$\\mathbb {R}^{3}$到$\\mathbb {R}^{4}$","authors":"J. A. Moya-Pérez, J. J. Nuño-Ballesteros","doi":"10.1017/prm.2022.27","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Let $f\\colon (\\mathbb {R}^{3},0)\\to (\\mathbb {R}^{4},0)$ be an analytic map germ with isolated instability. Its link is a stable map which is obtained by taking the intersection of the image of $f$ with a small enough sphere $S^{3}_\\epsilon$ centred at the origin in $\\mathbb {R}^{4}$. If $f$ is of fold type, we define a tree, that we call dual tree, that contains all the topological information of the link and we prove that in this case it is a complete topological invariant. As an application we give a procedure to obtain normal forms for any topological class of fold type.","PeriodicalId":54560,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A-Mathematics","volume":"40 1","pages":"958 - 977"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The dual tree of a fold map germ from $\\\\mathbb {R}^{3}$ to $\\\\mathbb {R}^{4}$\",\"authors\":\"J. A. Moya-Pérez, J. J. Nuño-Ballesteros\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/prm.2022.27\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Let $f\\\\colon (\\\\mathbb {R}^{3},0)\\\\to (\\\\mathbb {R}^{4},0)$ be an analytic map germ with isolated instability. Its link is a stable map which is obtained by taking the intersection of the image of $f$ with a small enough sphere $S^{3}_\\\\epsilon$ centred at the origin in $\\\\mathbb {R}^{4}$. If $f$ is of fold type, we define a tree, that we call dual tree, that contains all the topological information of the link and we prove that in this case it is a complete topological invariant. As an application we give a procedure to obtain normal forms for any topological class of fold type.\",\"PeriodicalId\":54560,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A-Mathematics\",\"volume\":\"40 1\",\"pages\":\"958 - 977\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A-Mathematics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2022.27\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A-Mathematics","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2022.27","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
The dual tree of a fold map germ from $\mathbb {R}^{3}$ to $\mathbb {R}^{4}$
Let $f\colon (\mathbb {R}^{3},0)\to (\mathbb {R}^{4},0)$ be an analytic map germ with isolated instability. Its link is a stable map which is obtained by taking the intersection of the image of $f$ with a small enough sphere $S^{3}_\epsilon$ centred at the origin in $\mathbb {R}^{4}$. If $f$ is of fold type, we define a tree, that we call dual tree, that contains all the topological information of the link and we prove that in this case it is a complete topological invariant. As an application we give a procedure to obtain normal forms for any topological class of fold type.
期刊介绍:
A flagship publication of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Proceedings A is a prestigious, general mathematics journal publishing peer-reviewed papers of international standard across the whole spectrum of mathematics, but with the emphasis on applied analysis and differential equations.
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