{"title":"医疗事故影响因素研究:调剂","authors":"Yuka Miyachi, Chika Nakayama, Kazuyo Nagashiba, K. Kinoshita, Masayuki Takeuchi, Masafumi Ohnishi, Hiroko Saito, Taeyuki Oshima","doi":"10.4236/PP.2018.912041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, medical institutions have taken a \nvariety of measures to prevent medical incident. In addition, progress has been \nmade toward the development of a fully automated system for the purpose of \nmedicine dispensing. However, automating the dispensing, or having it replaced \nby artificial intelligence (AI) will not, eradicate human error. Thus, measures \nagainst human error will continue to serve as an important topic. Therefore, \nhospitals are required to improve the efficiency of the pharmacy department. \nFor these purposes, attention has now shifted to Supply Processing and \nDistribution (SPD). In this study, we measured for the gaze of the pharmacist \nand SPD, and examined the factors affecting dispensing error; moreover, we \nexamined prevention of the human error. In the results of the eye tracking, SPD \nmembers tended to spend a greater number of gaze time and gaze counts, for each \nmedicine, on “medicines” and “picking lists,” than pharmacists. On the other \nhand, when pharmacists picking medicines, they performed various work \noperations in parallel, such as checking the prescription and looking the next \nshelf location. It was conjectured that SPD members had more clearly defined \nitems to check when picking, compared to pharmacists. This may have possibly \nled to a lower chance of dispensing errors being introduced by SPD members. \nThese results suggest that the process of selection is not a mandatory \nrequirement of pharmacists during the action of dispensing. Instead, SPD \nmembers, pharmacy assistants, or automatic dispensing devices could serve as \nsubstitutes for picking. It is suggested that pharmacists should spend more \ntime and effort on prescription inspection, medicines checking and dosing \noperations.","PeriodicalId":19875,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Study of Factors Affecting Medical Incident: 1. Dispensing\",\"authors\":\"Yuka Miyachi, Chika Nakayama, Kazuyo Nagashiba, K. Kinoshita, Masayuki Takeuchi, Masafumi Ohnishi, Hiroko Saito, Taeyuki Oshima\",\"doi\":\"10.4236/PP.2018.912041\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In recent years, medical institutions have taken a \\nvariety of measures to prevent medical incident. In addition, progress has been \\nmade toward the development of a fully automated system for the purpose of \\nmedicine dispensing. However, automating the dispensing, or having it replaced \\nby artificial intelligence (AI) will not, eradicate human error. Thus, measures \\nagainst human error will continue to serve as an important topic. Therefore, \\nhospitals are required to improve the efficiency of the pharmacy department. \\nFor these purposes, attention has now shifted to Supply Processing and \\nDistribution (SPD). In this study, we measured for the gaze of the pharmacist \\nand SPD, and examined the factors affecting dispensing error; moreover, we \\nexamined prevention of the human error. In the results of the eye tracking, SPD \\nmembers tended to spend a greater number of gaze time and gaze counts, for each \\nmedicine, on “medicines” and “picking lists,” than pharmacists. On the other \\nhand, when pharmacists picking medicines, they performed various work \\noperations in parallel, such as checking the prescription and looking the next \\nshelf location. It was conjectured that SPD members had more clearly defined \\nitems to check when picking, compared to pharmacists. This may have possibly \\nled to a lower chance of dispensing errors being introduced by SPD members. \\nThese results suggest that the process of selection is not a mandatory \\nrequirement of pharmacists during the action of dispensing. Instead, SPD \\nmembers, pharmacy assistants, or automatic dispensing devices could serve as \\nsubstitutes for picking. It is suggested that pharmacists should spend more \\ntime and effort on prescription inspection, medicines checking and dosing \\noperations.\",\"PeriodicalId\":19875,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pharmacology & Pharmacy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-12-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pharmacology & Pharmacy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4236/PP.2018.912041\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4236/PP.2018.912041","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Study of Factors Affecting Medical Incident: 1. Dispensing
In recent years, medical institutions have taken a
variety of measures to prevent medical incident. In addition, progress has been
made toward the development of a fully automated system for the purpose of
medicine dispensing. However, automating the dispensing, or having it replaced
by artificial intelligence (AI) will not, eradicate human error. Thus, measures
against human error will continue to serve as an important topic. Therefore,
hospitals are required to improve the efficiency of the pharmacy department.
For these purposes, attention has now shifted to Supply Processing and
Distribution (SPD). In this study, we measured for the gaze of the pharmacist
and SPD, and examined the factors affecting dispensing error; moreover, we
examined prevention of the human error. In the results of the eye tracking, SPD
members tended to spend a greater number of gaze time and gaze counts, for each
medicine, on “medicines” and “picking lists,” than pharmacists. On the other
hand, when pharmacists picking medicines, they performed various work
operations in parallel, such as checking the prescription and looking the next
shelf location. It was conjectured that SPD members had more clearly defined
items to check when picking, compared to pharmacists. This may have possibly
led to a lower chance of dispensing errors being introduced by SPD members.
These results suggest that the process of selection is not a mandatory
requirement of pharmacists during the action of dispensing. Instead, SPD
members, pharmacy assistants, or automatic dispensing devices could serve as
substitutes for picking. It is suggested that pharmacists should spend more
time and effort on prescription inspection, medicines checking and dosing
operations.