赤霞珠葡萄皮和种子在不同亏缺灌溉制度下的挥发性化合物和酚类成分

M. J. García-Esparza, I. Abrisqueta, I. Escriche, D. Intrigliolo, I. Alvarez, V. Lizama
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引用次数: 19

摘要

香气化合物、果皮和种子多酚是葡萄酒成分的决定因素。本研究的目的是确定不同改种后亏缺灌溉策略对西班牙巴伦西亚赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)葡萄园葡萄皮和种子挥发性特征和化学成分的影响。除了非灌溉制度(雨养),灌溉处理包括替代25%、50%和75%的作物估算蒸散量(ETC)。与雨养葡萄藤相比,在转化后以75%的ETC浇水,降低了酒精浓度,但增加了醛类物质的浓度,如己醛,这与葡萄酒中的草本(不理想的)香气有关。以25%或50%的ETC灌溉导致的葡萄挥发性化合物浓度与雨养葡萄相似。随着灌溉制度的增加,皮肉比也有降低的一般趋势。果皮中花青素和单宁的浓度随着水分的增加而增加,而种子中单宁的浓度在大多数灌溉条件下下降。这说明水分胁迫对果皮和种子多酚的合成和积累有不同的影响。在单宁含量方面,水分胁迫导致单宁平均聚合度升高,对单宁收敛性有积极影响。在本研究的试验条件下,与雨养葡萄相比,改良后以50% ETC灌水是优化葡萄成分和提高产量的推荐灌溉策略。
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Volatile compounds and phenolic composition of skins and seeds of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes under different deficit irrigation regimes
Aroma compounds and skin and seed polyphenols are determinants of wine composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation strategies on volatile profile and the chemical composition of grape skin and seeds in a 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard in Valencia (Spain). Besides a non-irrigated regime (rainfed), irrigation treatments consisted of replacing 25, 50 and 75 % of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETC). When compared to rainfed vines, watering during post-veraison at 75 % of the ETC, decreased concentrations of alcohols but increased those of aldehydes such as hexanal, related to herbaceous (non-desirable) aromas in wines. Irrigating at 25 % or 50 % of ETC resulted in similar concentrations of grape volatile compounds than rainfed vines. There was also a general trend in a reduction in skin to flesh ratio as irrigation regime increased. The concentration of skin anthocyanins and tannins increased with water applications, but seed tannins decreased in the most irrigated regimes. This suggests different effects of water stress on skin and seed polyphenol synthesis and accumulation. For the tannin content, water stress provoked higher tannin mean degree polymerization values, which positively affect must astringency. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, watering at 50 % ETC during post-veraison is the recommended irrigation strategy for optimizing grape composition and improving yield in comparison with rainfed vines.
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