18个月大的婴儿能从勺子学到耙子吗?

IF 0.8 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Journal of Motor Learning and Development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1123/jmld.2022-0006
Laetitia Jeancolas, L. Rat-Fischer, J. O'Regan, J. Fagard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

婴儿在一岁结束时开始使用勺子进行自我喂养,但通常在2岁之前不会使用不熟悉的工具来解决问题。我们调查了18个月大的婴儿在多大程度上熟悉使用勺子进行自我喂养,能够推广这种工具使用能力来检索远处的物体。我们测试了46名婴儿不同的检索任务,不同的工具(耙子或勺子)和目标(玩具或食物)。这些任务是按照难度的先验递减顺序呈现的:首先是耙子玩具,然后是勺子玩具或耙子食物,最后是勺子食物。然后,将相同的条件以相反的顺序呈现,以评估从最简单的条件到最困难的检索任务的迁移能力。自发地,18个月大的婴儿用熟悉的工具更好地完成检索任务,最简单的任务是当勺子与食物联系在一起时。此外,迁移结果表明,能够在不寻常的环境中使用熟悉的工具对于随后在不寻常的环境中迁移到不熟悉的工具似乎是必要和充分的,并且早期和重复的用勺子自我喂食训练在后来的工具使用中起着积极的作用。
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Can Infants Generalize Tool Use From Spoon to Rake at 18 Months?
Infants start to use a spoon for self-feeding at the end of the first year of life, but usually do not use unfamiliar tools to solve problems before the age of 2 years. We investigated to what extent 18-month-old infants who are familiar with using a spoon for self-feeding are able to generalize this tool-use ability to retrieve a distant object. We tested 46 infants with different retrieval tasks, varying the tool (rake or spoon) and the target (toy or food). The tasks were presented in a priori descending order of difficulty: rake–toy condition, then either spoon–toy or rake–food, and finally spoon–food. Then, the same conditions were presented in reverse order to assess the transfer abilities from the easiest condition to the most difficult retrieval task. Spontaneously, 18-month-old infants performed the retrieval tasks better with the familiar tool, the easiest task being when the spoon was associated with food. Moreover, the transfer results show that being able to use a familiar tool in an unusual context seems necessary and sufficient for subsequent transfer to an unfamiliar tool in the unusual context, and that early and repetitive training of self-feeding with a spoon plays a positive role in later tool use.
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来源期刊
Journal of Motor Learning and Development
Journal of Motor Learning and Development Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
15.40%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: The Journal of Motor Learning and Development (JMLD) publishes peer-reviewed research that advances the understanding of movement skill acquisition and expression across the lifespan. JMLD aims to provide a platform for theoretical, translational, applied, and innovative research related to factors that influence the learning or re-learning of skills in individuals with various movement-relevant abilities and disabilities.
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