Metabolic Changes after the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity

The use of bariatric surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity is most effective for metabolic syndrome. The greatest decrease in body weight occurred in the first 3 months after intragastric balloon and biliopancreatic diversion, whereas with a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, the best effect was observed in the period from 3 months to 1 year. With an intragastric balloon, a decrease in body weight of 6.6% was observed in the first 3 months and 13.5% after 6 months, with an average decrease in body mass index of 5.7±2.3 kg/m2. After a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, there was a 14.1% decrease in body weight at 3 months, a 21.4% decrease at 6 months, and a 27.9% decrease in body mass index at 1 year, with a 13.3±2.5 kg/m2 decrease in body mass index. Considering intragastric balloon surgery, as early as 6 months after balloon removal, almost 33% of patients showed regain of initial body weight, and 1 year later – almost 50% of patients. It should be noted only after a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band and biliopancreatic diversion, 3 months after the operation with preservation of results 1 year after treatment, a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins was observed. If the body mass index is over 50 kg/m2 and the metabolic syndrome is present, biliopancreatic diversion surgery is the best option also for the treatment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, blood pressure regulation, and other diseases associated with obesity.