济慈的性别矛盾:《圣艾格尼丝之夜》中波菲罗的主导与被动

Song Cheng
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摘要

本文从女性主义的角度研究《圣艾格尼丝之夜》中人物的塑造与性别问题的关系。在这首长诗中,通过波菲罗的支配地位——他的“谋略”、“男性凝视”和“狩猎”所呈现的被强化的男权意识形态,以及通过波菲罗的被动地位——他的“被凝视”和玛德琳的“反抗”所呈现的被削弱甚至逆转的男权意识形态,相互交织在一起。因此,《圣艾格尼丝的前夜》是一个意识形态冲突的文本,它既加强又削弱了父权意识形态,这在很大程度上是由于济慈的性别矛盾心理。波菲罗的主体性和被动性是济慈因性别矛盾心理而产生的内心冲突的外化表现。最终,济慈通过提供一个解决方案结束了这场冲突:在他内心性别紧张的两端之间达到一种雌雄同体的平衡,超越了传统的性别决定。这一解决方法使济慈的两个自我在他的诗歌中得到了和解和解放。
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Keats’ Gender Ambivalence: Porphyro’s Dominance and Passivity in “The Eve of St. Agnes”
This essay studies how the portrayal of characters in “The Eve of St. Agnes” relates to gender issues from the views of feminism. In this long poem, the reinforced patriarchal ideology presented through Porphyro’s dominance – his “stratagem”, his “male gaze” and his “hunting”, and the undermined and even reversed patriarchal ideology presented through Porphyro’s passivity – his “being gazed” and Madeline’s “resistance”, intermingle with each other. As a result, “The Eve of St. Agnes” is an ideologically conflicted text in that it both strengthens and weakens patriarchal ideology, which is largely due to Keats’ gender ambivalence. Porphyro’s dominance and passivity are externalized display of Keats’ inner conflicts caused by gender ambivalence. Eventually, Keats ends this conflict by offering a solution: to reach an androgynous equilibrium between the two ends of his internal gender tension, transcending traditional gender determinations. It is concluded that this solution allows Keats’ two selves to get reconciled and liberated in his poetry.
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