坡向和海拔对印度沙漠热带森林草本多样性和土壤特征的影响

D. Mishra, Genda Singh
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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的:了解地形和海拔对荒漠环境丘陵森林土壤性质和植被多样性的交互作用,对制定恢复退化丘陵的策略至关重要。地点和持续时间:2017年和2018年9月至10月,在印度拉贾斯坦邦塔尔沙漠的一个山地森林地区记录了观测结果。方法:对320个1 m2的样地(基于8个坡向和8个海拔高度的64个位置)进行植被分类和物种水平分类,并对每个样地进行土壤采样,研究草本多样性和土壤性质。测定了群落种群(P)、高度、土壤含水量(SWC)、pH和有机碳(SOC),并计算了物种丰富度(R)、Shannon-Weiner多样性(H∶∶)、优势度(D)和均匀度(J∶∶)。结果:共记录174种,隶属于34科122属,其中有163种IVI值为600m, D和pH值呈下降趋势。SWC、P和J分别在800 ~ 900m、700 ~ 800m和600 ~ 700m处最高。< 23m区域以旱生植物为主,中层以阿斯提达(Aristida adscensionis)居多,高层以多花阿斯提达(Apluda mutica) /扭角异角草(Heteropogon tortus)居多。结论:海拔高度对除SWC外的所有变量的影响都较大,南坡比北坡更干燥的因素对SWC的影响较大,并影响了物种的结构和组成。这些地区需要有效的保护,但在制定有效管理生物多样性和减缓气候变化的恢复战略时,应重视地形和海拔。
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Slope Aspects and Elevation Influenced Herbaceous Diversity and Soil Characteristics in Tropical Forests of Indian Desert
Aim: Understanding the interactive effects of aspects and elevation on soil properties and vegetation diversity in hill forests of the desert environment is essential for devising strategies to restore such degraded hills. Place and Duration: Observations were recorded from September to October months of both 2017 and 2018 in a hill forest area in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. Methodology: Three-hundred-twenty plots of 1 m2 (clustered at sixty-four positions based on eight slope aspects and eight elevations) were studied for herbaceous diversity and soil properties by sorting vegetation to species level and soil sampling in each plot. Community population (P), height, soil water content (SWC), pH and organic carbon (SOC) were measured and species-richness (R), Shannon-Weiner diversity (Hꞌ), dominance (D) and evenness (J') were calculated. Results: Out of 174 species recorded from 34 families and 122 genera, 163 species showed IVI <5. Highest number of species (48) were from family Poaceae. Soil pH, SWC, SOC, P and height were greater in 2017, whereas R, Hꞌ and Jꞌ were greater in 2018. Soil pH, vegetation height and D were lowest in northeast and highest (1.04-1.54-fold) in west to southeast. SOC, SWC, R and J' were 1.16-2.35-fold greater in northeast than south aspect. P, height and H′ showed a reverse trend with 1.15-1.53-fold variation. SOC, height, R and H' increased by 1.30-2.35-fold with an increase in elevation from <230m to >600m, whereas D and pH showed a decreasing trend. The highest values of SWC, P and Jꞌ were in 800-900m, 700-800m and 600-700m respectively. Though varied with aspects, <230m area was dominated by xeric species, middle by Aristida adscensionis and higher ones by Apluda mutica/Heteropogon contortus. Conclusion: Altitude had stronger impact on all variables except SWC, which was influenced strongly by aspects making southern slopes drier than the northern slopes and influenced species structure and composition. Such areas require effective conservation, but aspect and elevation should be given due importance in devising restoration strategies for efficient management of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.
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