Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330848
G. R. Rodolfo, Clovis Arruda De Souza
Defoliation may interfere in the sink-source relationship and influence the technological quality of wheat flour. This study aimed to confirm the effects of plant cutting heights and number of cuttings on the technological wheat flour quality of BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã cultivars after six months of storage. A completely randomized design was used and treatments consisted of a combination of cutting heights (20 and 30 cm) and number of cuttings (no cutting, 1, 2 and 3 cuttings), resulting in the following treatments: 20/1, 20/2, 20/3 30/1, 30/2, 30/3 and controls with no cuttings. Grain moisture, crude protein, hectoliter weight, gluten strength, falling number and wet gluten were determined. It was observed the behavior for both cultivars and number of cuts was similar, and it was found that the defoliation height of 30 cm resulted in greater decreases in PH and W values of 2.5 and 25.5% respectively. The results indicate that defoliation does not lead to the evolution of the stored wheat evaluated technological properties and with storage, properties such as W and WG of both cultivars showed a reduction.
{"title":"Technological Quality of Dual-purpose Wheat Stored","authors":"G. R. Rodolfo, Clovis Arruda De Souza","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330848","url":null,"abstract":"Defoliation may interfere in the sink-source relationship and influence the technological quality of wheat flour. This study aimed to confirm the effects of plant cutting heights and number of cuttings on the technological wheat flour quality of BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã cultivars after six months of storage. A completely randomized design was used and treatments consisted of a combination of cutting heights (20 and 30 cm) and number of cuttings (no cutting, 1, 2 and 3 cuttings), resulting in the following treatments: 20/1, 20/2, 20/3 30/1, 30/2, 30/3 and controls with no cuttings. Grain moisture, crude protein, hectoliter weight, gluten strength, falling number and wet gluten were determined. It was observed the behavior for both cultivars and number of cuts was similar, and it was found that the defoliation height of 30 cm resulted in greater decreases in PH and W values of 2.5 and 25.5% respectively. The results indicate that defoliation does not lead to the evolution of the stored wheat evaluated technological properties and with storage, properties such as W and WG of both cultivars showed a reduction.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82672840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330849
Marshal Mayuniyuni, L. Tembo
Aim: The objectives of the study were to (i) assess agronomic performance of rape (Brassica napus L.) genotypes under different soil amendments and seasons and (ii) identify the most discriminating soil fertilizer amendment on genotypic responses of rape. Study Design: The experiment was laid as a split plot design with 3 replications in each season. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in Monze district, southern province, Zambia in winter and summer periods of 2020/2021 cropping season. Methodology: The soil fertilizer amendment combinations were the main plots and rape varieties (English Giant [ENG], Hobson [HOB] and Rampart [RAM]) were laid as subplots. Giving a total of 54 experimental units per season. The amendments constituted combinations of raw dung type and artificial fertilizer. The quantitative data, on biomass, breadth, height and leaf count were measured at six weeks after transplanting. Results: Across seasons, soil amendment and genotypic main effects exhibited significantly responses with regards to biomass and leaf count (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the agronomic genotypic performance showed that RAM was the worst performer. The genotypic response to measured agronomic parameters was better in Raw Cow-Dung plus Cow- Dung Ash (RCD + CDA) soil fertilizer amendment than others. Interestingly RCD + CDA was the common discriminating amendment in summer and winter trials. Conclusion: Rape genotypes performed relatively better in summer than in winter season. The genotype English giant rape and Hobson were better performers across seasons and soil fertilizer amendments. The combination of RCD + CDA was the common discriminating amendment in both summer and winter trials.
{"title":"Agronomic Yield Performance of Rape and Assessment of Discrimination of Soil Fertilizer Amendments on Genotypic Responses","authors":"Marshal Mayuniyuni, L. Tembo","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330849","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objectives of the study were to (i) assess agronomic performance of rape (Brassica napus L.) genotypes under different soil amendments and seasons and (ii) identify the most discriminating soil fertilizer amendment on genotypic responses of rape. \u0000Study Design: The experiment was laid as a split plot design with 3 replications in each season. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in Monze district, southern province, Zambia in winter and summer periods of 2020/2021 cropping season. \u0000Methodology: The soil fertilizer amendment combinations were the main plots and rape varieties (English Giant [ENG], Hobson [HOB] and Rampart [RAM]) were laid as subplots. Giving a total of 54 experimental units per season. The amendments constituted combinations of raw dung type and artificial fertilizer. The quantitative data, on biomass, breadth, height and leaf count were measured at six weeks after transplanting. \u0000Results: Across seasons, soil amendment and genotypic main effects exhibited significantly responses with regards to biomass and leaf count (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the agronomic genotypic performance showed that RAM was the worst performer. The genotypic response to measured agronomic parameters was better in Raw Cow-Dung plus Cow- Dung Ash (RCD + CDA) soil fertilizer amendment than others. Interestingly RCD + CDA was the common discriminating amendment in summer and winter trials. \u0000Conclusion: Rape genotypes performed relatively better in summer than in winter season. The genotype English giant rape and Hobson were better performers across seasons and soil fertilizer amendments. The combination of RCD + CDA was the common discriminating amendment in both summer and winter trials.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75918588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330846
Adarsh Kumar, P. Yadav, .. Seema, R. Kumar, A. Kushwaha, M. Rashid, N. Tarannum, S. Chakraborty
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is a short duration farmer preferred warm-season pulse crop. The crop has shown a balanced growth worldwide, especially in developing countries. Mungbean being a great source of protein with higher folate and iron levels attracts high demand and price on the market making the farmers happy and satisfied. Moreover, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it perfect for rice based cropping systems and intercropping with other crops. Despite having so many benefits, mungbean has been a neglected crop compared to other pulses with limited efforts aiming at its breeding and development. Higher productivity, breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses resistance and nutritional quality improvement are future challenges for mungbean breeders. Several researchers are working in the direction of collecting and maintaining mungbean genetic resources. Mutation breeding and genetic engineering has also been enhanced in mungbean varietal improvement. Genomic information is limited compared to other legume species. However, the recent successful sequencing of mungbean genome has opened new vistas into the crop’s R&D. It is a self-pollinated pulse with small genome size, which could be used as a model for studying other legumes. Mungbean breeders at present times aim to identify useful alleles from diverse germplasm and markers closely associated with desirable traits. The high-throughput marker genotyping system has now made it feasible to pinpoint the exact gene locations and mutations contributing target phenotypes. In this review we present the current status of conventional and molecular breeding of the crop and summary of efforts in the utilization of genetic information and genomic resources for further mungbean improvement.
{"title":"Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek): Progress in Breeding and Future Challenges","authors":"Adarsh Kumar, P. Yadav, .. Seema, R. Kumar, A. Kushwaha, M. Rashid, N. Tarannum, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330846","url":null,"abstract":"Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is a short duration farmer preferred warm-season pulse crop. The crop has shown a balanced growth worldwide, especially in developing countries. Mungbean being a great source of protein with higher folate and iron levels attracts high demand and price on the market making the farmers happy and satisfied. Moreover, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it perfect for rice based cropping systems and intercropping with other crops. Despite having so many benefits, mungbean has been a neglected crop compared to other pulses with limited efforts aiming at its breeding and development. Higher productivity, breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses resistance and nutritional quality improvement are future challenges for mungbean breeders. Several researchers are working in the direction of collecting and maintaining mungbean genetic resources. Mutation breeding and genetic engineering has also been enhanced in mungbean varietal improvement. Genomic information is limited compared to other legume species. However, the recent successful sequencing of mungbean genome has opened new vistas into the crop’s R&D. It is a self-pollinated pulse with small genome size, which could be used as a model for studying other legumes. Mungbean breeders at present times aim to identify useful alleles from diverse germplasm and markers closely associated with desirable traits. The high-throughput marker genotyping system has now made it feasible to pinpoint the exact gene locations and mutations contributing target phenotypes. In this review we present the current status of conventional and molecular breeding of the crop and summary of efforts in the utilization of genetic information and genomic resources for further mungbean improvement.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330847
J. Núñez, Adolfo Santo Pineda, Neldis Ballesteros, J. Pérez, Iván Ramos Zachrisson
The study was carried out within the La Villa river basin (Herrera and Los Santos provinces). In these lands, great agricultural activity is developed, highlighting the production of corn, tomatoes, melons, watermelon, beans, peppers, sugarcane, meat and milk livestock. They are subjected to intensive use of agrochemicals and influenced by discharges of by-products from some industrial and agro-industrial companies located within the basin. The objective of the study was to determine by means of Langmuir isotherms the maximum adsorption of Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in soils and sediments of areas with intensive agricultural activity within the La Villa river basin. Five soil and sediment samples were taken from producer´s farms in the rainy season (June-November 2016) and five samples in the dry season (January-April 2017). The total concentration of the heavy metal was determined. The isotherms of the trace metals in soils and sediments were determined in the samples taken at both times of the year by applying different concentrations of the metal in a CaCl2 0.01 M solution. High levels of Cu were found in soils and Cu, Mn, Cr and As in sediments. The Mn isotherm showed low values and low adsorption force, Cu and Zn showed high adsorption values, but with low retention force. For Pb, high adsorption values were observed, but very low retention force in the dry season, contrary to Cd, which obtained low adsorption values, but with a higher force. This behavior is closely related to the texture of the soils. The Cu, Zn and Mn showed high significant correlations with the clay content in the soil, contrary to the pH and the organic matter did not obtain a good correlation with the adsorption of the metals.
该研究在La Villa河流域(Herrera和Los Santos省)进行。在这些土地上，大量的农业活动得到了发展，突出的是玉米、西红柿、瓜、西瓜、豆类、辣椒、甘蔗、肉类和牛奶牲畜的生产。它们大量使用农用化学品，并受到位于流域内的一些工业和农用工业公司排放副产品的影响。研究目的是利用Langmuir等温线测定La Villa河流域农业活动密集地区土壤和沉积物中Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd的最大吸附量。在雨季(2016年6月至11月)和旱季(2017年1月至4月)分别从生产者的农场采集了5份土壤和沉积物样本。测定了重金属的总浓度。通过在0.01 M CaCl2溶液中加入不同浓度的金属，在一年中的两个时间取样，测定了土壤和沉积物中痕量金属的等温线。土壤中铜含量高，沉积物中铜、锰、铬和砷含量高。Mn等温线表现为低值和低吸附力，Cu和Zn等温线表现为高吸附值，但保留力较低。Pb在旱季具有较高的吸附值，但保留力很低;Cd则具有较低的吸附值，但保留力较大。这种行为与土壤的质地密切相关。土壤中Cu、Zn、Mn与粘土含量呈极显著相关，而pH和有机质与金属的吸附关系不佳。
{"title":"Isotherms of Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments of the La Villa River Basin-Panamá","authors":"J. Núñez, Adolfo Santo Pineda, Neldis Ballesteros, J. Pérez, Iván Ramos Zachrisson","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330847","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out within the La Villa river basin (Herrera and Los Santos provinces). In these lands, great agricultural activity is developed, highlighting the production of corn, tomatoes, melons, watermelon, beans, peppers, sugarcane, meat and milk livestock. They are subjected to intensive use of agrochemicals and influenced by discharges of by-products from some industrial and agro-industrial companies located within the basin. The objective of the study was to determine by means of Langmuir isotherms the maximum adsorption of Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in soils and sediments of areas with intensive agricultural activity within the La Villa river basin. Five soil and sediment samples were taken from producer´s farms in the rainy season (June-November 2016) and five samples in the dry season (January-April 2017). The total concentration of the heavy metal was determined. The isotherms of the trace metals in soils and sediments were determined in the samples taken at both times of the year by applying different concentrations of the metal in a CaCl2 0.01 M solution. High levels of Cu were found in soils and Cu, Mn, Cr and As in sediments. The Mn isotherm showed low values and low adsorption force, Cu and Zn showed high adsorption values, but with low retention force. For Pb, high adsorption values were observed, but very low retention force in the dry season, contrary to Cd, which obtained low adsorption values, but with a higher force. This behavior is closely related to the texture of the soils. The Cu, Zn and Mn showed high significant correlations with the clay content in the soil, contrary to the pH and the organic matter did not obtain a good correlation with the adsorption of the metals.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83522415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330843
A. L. Prajapat, R. Saxena, M. Sharma, Rameshwr Lal Mandeewal, B. Lal, Bhuwanesh Didal
The crop production characteristics are directly related with the temperature and relative humidity of atmosphere during crop growing season. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to highlights thermal requirement (GDD) of wheat varieties for sustainable yield. The field experiment were conducted during Rabi season 2016 and 2017 at Research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Durgapura, Jobner, Rajasthan to find out the response of wheat cultivars to irrigation scheduling under different sowing dates. Thirty six treatment combinations were investigated. Treatments comprises four irrigation levels: I1 (0.6 ETc), I2 (0.8 ETc), I3 (1.0 ETc) and I4 (1.2 ETc), three cultivars: C1 (Raj-4120), C2 (Raj-4079) and C3 (Raj-4238) and three dates of sowing: D1 (15th Nov.), D2 (30th Nov.) and D3 (15th Dec.) in Split plot design. The pooled analysis of data revealed that irrigation scheduling treatment I4 (1.2 ETc) recorded significantly higher value of yield and Growing degree days (GDD), By cultivar Raj 4079 observed the higher value of yield and GDD. Further, results showed that the wheat crop sown on 15th November obtained the maximum yield and growing degree days value with phenological stages. The number of days required to attain different phenological stages decreased with late sowing condition. This indicated that irrigation scheduling at 1.2 ETc should adopted in cultivar Raj 4079 at the sowing on 15th November to achieve maximum yield under hot climate of Rajasthan.
{"title":"Growing Degree Days Requirement and Yield of Wheat Cultivars as Influenced by Irrigation Scheduling and Time of Sowing","authors":"A. L. Prajapat, R. Saxena, M. Sharma, Rameshwr Lal Mandeewal, B. Lal, Bhuwanesh Didal","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330843","url":null,"abstract":"The crop production characteristics are directly related with the temperature and relative humidity of atmosphere during crop growing season. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to highlights thermal requirement (GDD) of wheat varieties for sustainable yield. The field experiment were conducted during Rabi season 2016 and 2017 at Research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Durgapura, Jobner, Rajasthan to find out the response of wheat cultivars to irrigation scheduling under different sowing dates. Thirty six treatment combinations were investigated. Treatments comprises four irrigation levels: I1 (0.6 ETc), I2 (0.8 ETc), I3 (1.0 ETc) and I4 (1.2 ETc), three cultivars: C1 (Raj-4120), C2 (Raj-4079) and C3 (Raj-4238) and three dates of sowing: D1 (15th Nov.), D2 (30th Nov.) and D3 (15th Dec.) in Split plot design. The pooled analysis of data revealed that irrigation scheduling treatment I4 (1.2 ETc) recorded significantly higher value of yield and Growing degree days (GDD), By cultivar Raj 4079 observed the higher value of yield and GDD. Further, results showed that the wheat crop sown on 15th November obtained the maximum yield and growing degree days value with phenological stages. The number of days required to attain different phenological stages decreased with late sowing condition. This indicated that irrigation scheduling at 1.2 ETc should adopted in cultivar Raj 4079 at the sowing on 15th November to achieve maximum yield under hot climate of Rajasthan.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"26 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88195057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330844
A. Kumari, H. Sharma, A. Dashora
The present study was carried out in 9 diverse parents, their 36 hybrids and 2 checks evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Mpuat, Udaipur in RBD with three replications in three different environments in wheat for earliness and heat tolerant traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, leaf canopy temperature, total protein content in grains, heat injury, proline content and total chlorophyll content on pooled basis. The pooled analysis for above characters revealed that mean squares due to environments, genotypes, parents, crosses as well as parents v/s. crosses were significant indicating presence of overall heterosis for the traits. Out of thirty six crosses 5 crosses viz., GJW 463 x RAJ 4120, DBW 173 x RAJ 4120, GJW 463 x DBW 173, GW 451 x LOK 1 and DBW 173 x RAJ 3777 were found superior with maximum significant heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for heat tolerant traits and earliness over the environments. These genotypes could be used to maintain transgressive segregants in future breeding programme.
本研究以9个不同亲本及其36个杂交种为材料，在Rajasthan农业学院(Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Mpuat, Udaipur)的Rabi 2020-21期间进行了2次检查，在3种不同环境下进行了3个重复，评估了小麦的早熟和耐热性状，即开花至50%的天数、叶冠温度、籽粒总蛋白质含量、热损伤、脯氨酸含量和总叶绿素含量。结果表明，环境、基因型、亲本、杂交、亲本v/s对上述性状均有显著影响。杂交显著，表明性状存在整体杂种优势。在36个杂交组合中，GJW 463 × RAJ 4120、DBW 173 × RAJ 4120、GJW 463 × DBW 173、GW 451 × LOK 1和DBW 173 × RAJ 3777在耐热性状和环境早熟性方面表现出最显著的杂种优势和经济优势。这些基因型可用于在未来的育种计划中维持越界分离。
{"title":"Heterosis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Earliness and Heat Tolerant Traits over the Environments","authors":"A. Kumari, H. Sharma, A. Dashora","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330844","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in 9 diverse parents, their 36 hybrids and 2 checks evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Mpuat, Udaipur in RBD with three replications in three different environments in wheat for earliness and heat tolerant traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, leaf canopy temperature, total protein content in grains, heat injury, proline content and total chlorophyll content on pooled basis. The pooled analysis for above characters revealed that mean squares due to environments, genotypes, parents, crosses as well as parents v/s. crosses were significant indicating presence of overall heterosis for the traits. Out of thirty six crosses 5 crosses viz., GJW 463 x RAJ 4120, DBW 173 x RAJ 4120, GJW 463 x DBW 173, GW 451 x LOK 1 and DBW 173 x RAJ 3777 were found superior with maximum significant heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for heat tolerant traits and earliness over the environments. These genotypes could be used to maintain transgressive segregants in future breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330845
V. Gowtham, M. Muthuswami, N. Sathiah, S. Geetha, S. Varanavasiappan, D. Uma
Use of synthetic insecticides for the management of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) for a longer period will led to development of insecticide resistance. Identification of an eco-friendly synergistic agent to enhance the toxicity potential and reduced pesticide use as well become mandatory in due process. Hence the present study was formulated to find the single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against the 2nd and 3rd larval instars of S. frugiperda. Single toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 0.87 and 1.52 ppm (LC25); 4.08 and 6.50 ppm (LC50), respectively. With respect to Bt, single toxicity against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 474.39 and 693.48 ppm (LC25); 1008.62 and 1228.62 ppm (LC50), respectively. Combination effect of chlorantraniliprole with Bt revealed that 2nd instar of FAW showed supplemental synergism at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt. In the case of LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt, LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt and LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt combinations, they showed sub additive synergism. In 3rd instar larvae, the combined toxicity results were similar for all the combinations of chlorantraniliprole + Bt except LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt where it showed an antagonistic synergism. Activity of Carboxyl Esterase (CarE), Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were found to be lesser in chlorantraniliprole LC50 + Bt LC25 combinations than single toxicity treatments. Therefore, combined use of chlorantraniliprole with Bt at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt had supplemental synergism on fall armyworm under laboratory condition.
{"title":"Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole with Bacillus thuringiensis against Maize Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"V. Gowtham, M. Muthuswami, N. Sathiah, S. Geetha, S. Varanavasiappan, D. Uma","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330845","url":null,"abstract":"Use of synthetic insecticides for the management of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) for a longer period will led to development of insecticide resistance. Identification of an eco-friendly synergistic agent to enhance the toxicity potential and reduced pesticide use as well become mandatory in due process. Hence the present study was formulated to find the single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against the 2nd and 3rd larval instars of S. frugiperda. Single toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 0.87 and 1.52 ppm (LC25); 4.08 and 6.50 ppm (LC50), respectively. With respect to Bt, single toxicity against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 474.39 and 693.48 ppm (LC25); 1008.62 and 1228.62 ppm (LC50), respectively. Combination effect of chlorantraniliprole with Bt revealed that 2nd instar of FAW showed supplemental synergism at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt. In the case of LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt, LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt and LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt combinations, they showed sub additive synergism. In 3rd instar larvae, the combined toxicity results were similar for all the combinations of chlorantraniliprole + Bt except LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt where it showed an antagonistic synergism. Activity of Carboxyl Esterase (CarE), Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were found to be lesser in chlorantraniliprole LC50 + Bt LC25 combinations than single toxicity treatments. Therefore, combined use of chlorantraniliprole with Bt at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt had supplemental synergism on fall armyworm under laboratory condition.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"50 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89203681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330840
O. Aluko, J. Amosun, A. Adetayo, T. Dauda
Speargrass posed a major constraint to crop producion in some agroecologies in Nigeria. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the influence of seasons, rainfall and temperature patterns on speargrass components growth with the view to improve its management. This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at Eruwa (7˚32’0˚N, 3˚ 25’0 ˚E, 187m altitude) in Derived savanna (DS) and Kishi (08˚.98’N, 003˚.94’E; 364m altitude) in the southern Guinea savanna (SGS)–northern fringe agroecologies of Nigeria. Twelve months of the year starting from July were randomly assigned to plots in an abandoned speargrass infested farmland, replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Monthly temperature, rainfall and speargrass samples (shoot and rhizome) were measured. Results showed that rainfall amount varied across the months in both locations. The highest rainfall was recorded in September (264.20 mm) and hottest month was May, 2016 (28.5oC) in Derived savanna between 2014 and 2016 (Table 1). Kishi had 186 mm rainfall in the wettest months and the hottest months had 28.0 oC within the specified period of the study (Table 2). Total speargrass total dry weight (STDW) increased with rise in rainfall in both locations. Meanwhile, there were variations in the components (Shoot and rhizome) weight. However, there was decline in speargrass dry matter during the dry months (January to April) in the locations. This might have reflected the effects of moisture deficit. Notwisthanding, Rhizome:shoot varied at both locations. Derived savanna (Eruwa) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in five months throughout the study (5/24), while southern Guinea savanna (Kishi) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in eleven months (11/24). Speargrass control might be more challenging especially in SGS than DS in the months with higher Rhizome:shoot ratio > 1.00. Derived savanna had more months (19/24 months) with lower rhizome:shoot ratio (< 1.00) than SGS (13/24 months). This might have resulted from more rainy months and better distribution of rainfall in Derived savanna for speargrass shoot growth and the resultant decrease in rhizome:shoot (< 1.00). This is a clue for better translocation of herbicides for season-long speargrass control.
{"title":"Speargrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] Growth in Relation to Season, Rainfall and Temperature Patterns of Southern Agro-ecologies of Nigeria","authors":"O. Aluko, J. Amosun, A. Adetayo, T. Dauda","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330840","url":null,"abstract":"Speargrass posed a major constraint to crop producion in some agroecologies in Nigeria. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the influence of seasons, rainfall and temperature patterns on speargrass components growth with the view to improve its management. This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at Eruwa (7˚32’0˚N, 3˚ 25’0 ˚E, 187m altitude) in Derived savanna (DS) and Kishi (08˚.98’N, 003˚.94’E; 364m altitude) in the southern Guinea savanna (SGS)–northern fringe agroecologies of Nigeria. Twelve months of the year starting from July were randomly assigned to plots in an abandoned speargrass infested farmland, replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Monthly temperature, rainfall and speargrass samples (shoot and rhizome) were measured. Results showed that rainfall amount varied across the months in both locations. The highest rainfall was recorded in September (264.20 mm) and hottest month was May, 2016 (28.5oC) in Derived savanna between 2014 and 2016 (Table 1). Kishi had 186 mm rainfall in the wettest months and the hottest months had 28.0 oC within the specified period of the study (Table 2). Total speargrass total dry weight (STDW) increased with rise in rainfall in both locations. Meanwhile, there were variations in the components (Shoot and rhizome) weight. However, there was decline in speargrass dry matter during the dry months (January to April) in the locations. This might have reflected the effects of moisture deficit. Notwisthanding, Rhizome:shoot varied at both locations. Derived savanna (Eruwa) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in five months throughout the study (5/24), while southern Guinea savanna (Kishi) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in eleven months (11/24). Speargrass control might be more challenging especially in SGS than DS in the months with higher Rhizome:shoot ratio > 1.00. Derived savanna had more months (19/24 months) with lower rhizome:shoot ratio (< 1.00) than SGS (13/24 months). This might have resulted from more rainy months and better distribution of rainfall in Derived savanna for speargrass shoot growth and the resultant decrease in rhizome:shoot (< 1.00). This is a clue for better translocation of herbicides for season-long speargrass control.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86675654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330841
R. Vinothini, R. Kaleeswari, D. Selvi, D. Uma, E. K. Devi
A microplot experiment was conducted on a medium black soil for screening of groundnut genotypes for improved S utilization. From this experiment four different S sources viz., Gypsum, SSP, FeSO4, and ZnSO4, were applied at four levels (S @ 0, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the addition of 40 kg S ha-1 as FeSO4 substantially increased the dry matter production and sulphur uptake irrespective of groundnut genotypes. Sulphur application in the form of SSP enhanced the root length and number of pods per plant. Groundnut genotypes CO7, VRI 8, and TMV 14 were categorized as efficient S utilizers, while BSR 2 and ALR 3 were recorded to be inefficient S utilizers.
在中等黑土上进行了花生基因型筛选试验，以提高小麦的利用率。从本实验中，四种不同的硫源，即石膏、SSP、FeSO4和ZnSO4，以四个水平(S @ 0、20、30和40 kg ha-1)施用。结果表明，无论花生基因型如何，添加40 kg S ha-1作为FeSO4均可显著提高花生干物质产量和硫吸收量。硫以SSP的形式施用增加了根长和每株荚果数。花生基因型CO7、VRI 8和TMV 14为高效S利用型，BSR 2和ALR 3为低效S利用型。
{"title":"Screening of Groundnut Genotypes for Sulphur Utilization Potential","authors":"R. Vinothini, R. Kaleeswari, D. Selvi, D. Uma, E. K. Devi","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i330841","url":null,"abstract":"A microplot experiment was conducted on a medium black soil for screening of groundnut genotypes for improved S utilization. From this experiment four different S sources viz., Gypsum, SSP, FeSO4, and ZnSO4, were applied at four levels (S @ 0, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the addition of 40 kg S ha-1 as FeSO4 substantially increased the dry matter production and sulphur uptake irrespective of groundnut genotypes. Sulphur application in the form of SSP enhanced the root length and number of pods per plant. Groundnut genotypes CO7, VRI 8, and TMV 14 were categorized as efficient S utilizers, while BSR 2 and ALR 3 were recorded to be inefficient S utilizers.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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