同步的宽边:大脑网络中的格里菲斯效应和集体现象

Víctor Buendía, Pablo Villegas, R. Burioni, M. A. Muñoz
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引用次数: 13

摘要

大脑的许多惊人功能都是由大量单个神经元的相互作用产生的集体特性。特别是,大脑活动中最显著的集体现象是振荡,这需要许多神经元的同步激活。在这里,我们分析了运行在合成网络之上的神经同步的简约动态模型,这些模型捕捉了实际大脑解剖连接的基本方面,如层次-模块和核心-外围结构。这些模型揭示了具有中间和灵活同步水平的复杂集体状态的出现,处于同步-异步光谱的中间。这些状态最好被描述为广义的格里菲思相,即在结构异质系统中出现的标准临界点的扩展。我们分析了同步的不同路径(分岔),并强调了“混合型转换”的相关性,以生成丰富的动态模式。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了结构和动力学之间复杂的相互作用,强调了导致维持大脑功能所需的丰富集体状态的关键方面。本文是主题“复杂物理和社会技术系统中的涌现现象:从细胞到社会”的一部分。
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The broad edge of synchronization: Griffiths effects and collective phenomena in brain networks
Many of the amazing functional capabilities of the brain are collective properties stemming from the interactions of large sets of individual neurons. In particular, the most salient collective phenomena in brain activity are oscillations, which require the synchronous activation of many neurons. Here, we analyse parsimonious dynamical models of neural synchronization running on top of synthetic networks that capture essential aspects of the actual brain anatomical connectivity such as a hierarchical-modular and core-periphery structure. These models reveal the emergence of complex collective states with intermediate and flexible levels of synchronization, halfway in the synchronous–asynchronous spectrum. These states are best described as broad Griffiths-like phases, i.e. an extension of standard critical points that emerge in structurally heterogeneous systems. We analyse different routes (bifurcations) to synchronization and stress the relevance of ‘hybrid-type transitions’ to generate rich dynamical patterns. Overall, our results illustrate the complex interplay between structure and dynamics, underlining key aspects leading to rich collective states needed to sustain brain functionality. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies’.
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